Ruddy Spinetail
Synallaxis rutilans
Small, patchily distributed bird humid forests. Entirely rufous in most of its expansive range, but at the eastern end of its distribution in Brazil it is mostly sooty-colored with rufous wings. Long-tailed profile, terrestrial habits, and small black mask should clinch identification. Found near the ground inside lowland forest and in premontane forest in the tepui region, often around treefall gaps or other areas with dense understory. Often in pairs. Vocal; two-noted song often given in duet is distinctive in habitat.
识别特征
The ruddy spinetail is 13 to 15 cm (5.1 to 5.9 in) long and weighs 15 to 22 g (0.53 to 0.78 oz). Adult males of the nominate subspecies S. r. rutilans have mottled blackish lores on an otherwise deep ruddy chestnut face. Their forecrown is ruddy chestnut, their hindcrown, nape, and back chestnut strongly washed with olive-brown, and their rump and uppertail coverts dull dark brown. Their wing coverts are chestnut and their flight feathers fuscous with dull chestnut edges. Their tail is slaty blackish; it is graduated and the feathers are somewhat pointed. Their throat is black, their breast bright ruddy chestnut, their belly and undertail coverts dark olive-brownish, and their flanks slightly browner than their belly. Their iris is brown to chestnut-red, their maxilla black, their mandible black (sometimes with a gray base) to blue-gray, and their legs and feet olive-gray to dark gray or black. Adult females are slightly paler than males and have more of an olive wash. Juveniles are duller and less rufous than adults, with a gray throat and vague streaks on their underparts.<p>The other subspecies of the ruddy spinetail differ from the nominate and each other thus:<p>The dramatic plumage differences between the nominate and omissa hint that the latter might be a separate species, and the differences among the other subspecies are subtle and to a degree clinal. The Clements taxonomy recognizes the differences by placing omissa by itself in a "sooty" group and the other six subspecies in a "ruddy" group within the species.
分类信息
The ruddy spinetail has these seven subspecies:<p>The ruddy spinetail is closely related to the stripe-breasted spinetail (S. cinnamomea) and chestnut-throated spinetail (S. cherriei).
- 学名
- Synallaxis rutilans
- 命名信息
- Temminck, 1823
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Synallaxis
分布与栖息地
The subspecies of the ruddy spinetail are found thus:<p>Worldwide taxonomic systems place the ruddy spinetail in all three of the Guianas but the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society recognizes no records in Guyana.<p>The ruddy spinetail primarily inhabits the undergrowth of terra firme forest; it also occurs in tropical lowland evergreen forest. In elevation it is found mostly below 900 m (3,000 ft) though up to 1,200 m (3,900 ft) in southern Venezuela. In Colombia it reaches only 500 m (1,600 ft) and in Ecuador only 150 m (500 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The ruddy spinetail is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The ruddy spinetail feeds on a wide variety of arthropods. It usually forages in pairs and occasionally joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It gleans prey from foliage, small branches, clusters of dead leaves, and leaf litter from the ground up to about 2 m (7 ft) above it, usually staying in dense undergrowth.<p>The ruddy spinetail's nest is a globe of twigs with a horizontal entrance tunnel. The clutch size is three to four eggs. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology.<p>The ruddy spinetail's song is a "2-noted 'keéwoh (2nd note lower), constantly repeated". The song has also been interpreted as " 'tac, tac-owet', 'kít-naaa' or 'chíck-dawah' " and " 'keé-kawów' or 'keé-kow' ".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Semipalmated Plover
Charadrius semipalmatus
Small, orange-legged plover with solid dark breast band. Medium-brown upperparts are the color of wet sand, noticeably darker than Piping or Snowy Plovers. Look for short, blunt bill with orange base (often indistinct on juveniles). Feeds on mudflats and beaches, often mixed with other shorebirds. Even when in a flock, individuals are typically spread out rather than remaining a tight unit. Breeds on the tundra or rocky beaches at northern latitudes; winters to southern South America. Migrants are common and widespread, inland and coastal. Listen for distinctive two parted “chu-weep!” calls, and assorted chortles and chuckles.
Black Scoter
Melanitta americana
Plump diving duck, typically seen in flocks in coastal areas. Males are completely black with bright orange knob on the bill. Females are brown overall with pale cheek and contrasting dark cap. Note potbellied shape and rounded head in flight. Typically coastal, but migrates over land especially in the Northeast U.S. Often gathers in tight flocks. Dives frequently, feeding on aquatic invertebrates. Breeds on ponds in Arctic tundra.
Creamy-rumped Miner
Geositta isabellina
Local in the high Andes of central Chile and adjacent Argentina. Favors open slopes with sandy and gravelly soil, scattered bunch grass and low shrubs, adjacent bogs, and rocky areas. Often in pairs, walking with waddling gait and pumping its tail like most miners. Plumage rather drab and plain sandy overall with diffuse dusky breast streaking and a relatively long and slightly decurved bill. In flight shows a contrasting creamy-white rump. Compare with the similar Rufous-banded and Common Miners.
开始您的观鸟之旅
在户外识别鸟类，并在下一次观察时随手查阅鸟类图鉴。