White-faced Nunbird
Hapaloptila castanea
Rare and elusive denizen of Andean cloud forest; found at higher elevations than any other puffbird. Distinctive; note especially the stout, black bill bordered by white feathers, chestnut underparts, and red eye. Found inside forest, often near exposed earthen banks, which they favor as nesting sites. Remains motionless for extended periods before suddenly sallying out to catch an insect or other small animal. Typical song is a series of evenly spaced, mellow whistles that can be imitated.
识别特征
The white-faced nunbird is 23 to 25 cm (9.1 to 9.8 in) long and weighs 75 to 84 g (2.6 to 3.0 oz). It has a large white patch above the bill with a narrow black border at its top. The crown is gray-brown, the mantle and sides of the face dark brown, and the rest of the upperparts including wings and tail an even darker brown. The chin and throat are white and the rest of the underparts bright chestnut. The bill is black, the eye red, and the legs and feet gray. The sexes are essentially the same, with the female perhaps having paler underparts.
分类信息
The white-faced nunbird is the only member of its genus and has no subspecies. It is not a "true" nunbird (genus Monasa) and is sometimes called the white-face puffbird.
- 学名
- Hapaloptila castanea
- 命名信息
- (Verreaux, J, 1866)
- 目
- Piciformes
- 科
- Bucconidae
- 属
- Hapaloptila
分布与栖息地
The white-faced nunbird is found on the east slope of the Andes from western Colombia through eastern Ecuador into northwestern and central Peru. It inhabits the interior and edges of humid to wet forest and cloudforest, often on steep slopes and in ravines. It is usually seen from the midstory to the subcanopy. In Colombia and Ecuador it typically ranges from 1,500 to 2,900 m (4,900 to 9,500 ft) of elevation but has been recorded as low as 750 m (2,500 ft). In Peru it is found only between 1,800 to 2,600 m (5,900 to 8,500 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The white-faced nunbird mostly forages in the canopy though it is active at all levels. Its diet is primarily insects and other arthropods but also includes some small vertebrates. It occasionally joins mixed-species foraging flocks.<p>The white-faced nunbird's breeding season has not been fully defined but it includes April and May. One nest has been described. It was a leaf-lined chamber at the end of a 38 cm (15 in) long tunnel in an earthen bank. The clutch size was two eggs. Both members of the pair dug the burrow, incubated the eggs, and fed the young.<p>The white-faced nunbird's song is "a series of upward- or downward-inflected (sometimes level) single hoots, or double hoots like pygmy-owl (Glaucidium), sometimes extending to trill or interspersed with rasping notes". It sometimes sings all day but is most vocal near dawn. Its calls are "a mournful, downslurred 'wuooooo' [and a] series of accelerating, then decelerating barking notes, 'pah pah-pahpahpapapapa-pah-pah-grr?'."
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Red-tailed Amazon
Amazona brasiliensis
Large parrot restricted to coastal forests and mangroves of southeast Brazil. Mainly green with a red forehead and purplish cheeks and throat. The tail is yellow tipped with a narrow red band. May be confused with Red-browed Parrot, especially in flight, but lacks that species’ red wing patches.
Freckle-breasted Thornbird
Phacellodomus striaticollis
Medium-sized ovenbird with a long spiky tail. Cinnamon-brown above, paler below, with a darker cap and wings. Note the freckled breast and yellow eyes. Usually found near water, in marshes, gallery forests, and scrub, where it forages on the ground or in the understory. Builds large thorny nests that do not hang from trees, unlike other thornbirds.
Madagascar Cuckoo
Cuculus rochii
A typical Old World cuckoo, with gray-and-white plumage and long wings and tail. A brood parasite that lays its eggs in the nests of many other bird species. Breeds throughout Madagascar in virtually all habitats with woody vegetation. Extremely vocal when breeding during the rainy season, giving a distinctive “do-do-ka-foo” song day and night. Easily identified on Madagascar, where it is the only regularly occurring cuckoo. Elsewhere, extremely similar to Lesser Cuckoo. Many individuals probably indistinguishable, though Madagascar Cuckoo has either weak barring or no barring on the undertail, whereas Lesser Cuckoo always shows strong barring. Similar to Common and African Cuckoos, but smaller, with a much blacker tail and rump.
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