Fulvous-faced Scrub-Tyrant

Massive tricolored vulture with whitish head and neck, pale brown body, and contrasting dark flight feathers. Juveniles similar but with a pale brown rather than white neck ruff. Nests in colonies on cliff ledges; often seen in loose flocks soaring over valleys and mountainsides but always in search of updrafts and thermals. Still the commonest vulture over much of its breeding range. Some populations are resident while others are highly migratory.

Dull-plumaged antbird with a restricted range in the Andean foothills. Males are grayish brown with small white wing spots; females are similar, but are paler tan below. Part of the species complex previously known as “Spot-winged Antbird;” it is similar to the previously conspecific Humaita Antbird, although separated by range and habitat. Brownish-headed Antbird is found in the understory of mature rainforest along the base of the Andes, especially in areas with bamboo, while Humaita Antbird is found away from the foothills in the Amazonian lowlands, mostly in palm swamps. Its song is a descending series of rapid high notes.

Rather plain medium-sized warbler: warm brown above with narrow pale spectacles, pale buffy below. Can be very difficult to separate from other reed warbler species. Most populations breed in reed or sedge beds, both pure and mixed with bushes, often wandering to adjacent scrub and thickets. “Mangrove” Reed Warbler is a resident in mangroves along the Red Sea. Non-breeding migratory birds may wind up in a wide range of habitats, from marshes to mangroves, to acacia scrub and cultivation. Often heard but can be hard to see: prolonged song much like Sedge Warbler but more even-paced and melodic, without rough and jerky phrases. Calls include a low “chuk” and rattled “chrrt.”