Far Eastern Curlew
Numenius madagascariensis
This very large curlew wields a remarkable scimitar-like bill, used to extract invertebrates from deep burrows. Typically found in small to mid-sized groups on expansive mudflats. Similar to Eurasian Curlew, but Far Eastern is far more warmly colored, with a light brown (not white) rump and heavily marked underwings, unlike the unmarked white underwings of Eurasian. Calls similar to Eurasian but deeper in tone.
分类信息
In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the Far Eastern curlew in his Ornithologie based on a specimen. He used the French name Le courly de Madagascar and the Latin Numenius madagascariensis. Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the twelfth edition, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson. One of these was the Far Eastern curlew, for which he coined the binomial name Scolopax madagascariensis.
- 学名
- Numenius madagascariensis
- 命名信息
- (Linnaeus, 1766)
- 目
- Charadriiformes
- 科
- Scolopacidae
- 属
- Numenius
分布与栖息地
The Far Eastern curlew spends its breeding season in northeastern Asia, including Siberia to Kamchatka, and Mongolia. Its breeding habitat is composed of marshy and swampy wetlands and lakeshores. Most individuals spend the non-breeding season in coastal Australia, with a few heading to South Korea, Thailand, Philippines and New Zealand, where they stay at estuaries, beaches, and salt marshes. During its migration the Far Eastern curlew commonly makes stopovers on the mudflats of the Yellow Sea.<p>It uses its long, decurved bill to probe for invertebrates in the mud. It may feed in solitary but it generally congregates in large flocks to migrate or roost. Its call is a sharp, clear whistle, cuuue-reee, often repeated.<p>On its breeding grounds the Far Eastern curlew consumes insects, such as larvae of beetles and flies, and amphipods. During migration it also feeds on berries. In the non-breeding season, it consumes marine invertebrates, preferring crabs and small molluscs but also taking other crustaceans and polychaetes.
- 繁殖区
- PAL : inland wetlands of subarctic to temperate ne Palearctic: ec Siberia to Kamchatka and Ussuriland (se Russia) and Heilongjiang (ne China)
- 非繁殖区
- AU : coastal subtropical to tropical e Asia: Ryukyu Is. (=Nansei Shoto, s Japan), Taiwan, se coastal China, Philippines, e Vietnam, Malay Pen., Indonesian Arch., s, se New Guinea, Australia, Tasmania, North and South is. (New Zealand)
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
保护状况
As of 2006, there are an estimated 38,000 individuals in the world. Formerly classified as least concern by IUCN, it was found to have been rarer than previously believed and thus its status was uplisted to "vulnerable" in the 2010 IUCN Red List of threatened species.<p>In Australia its status under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act is "critically endangered".<p>Its population decline has been linked to the massive tidal flat reclamations by China, North Korea and South Korea along the coasts of the Yellow Sea, which have caused a greater than 65% loss of mudflats where the Far Eastern curlew makes stopovers.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
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Small and fierce falcon. Dark above and paler below, with streaking on the underparts; darkness of plumage varies geographically. Feeds mainly on birds captured in flight. Found in a variety of habitats from grasslands, open forests, and especially coastal areas with shorebirds. Flies powerfully on pointed wings with quick, continuous wingbeats.
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