African Gray Hornbill
Lophoceros nasutus
An ashy-colored hornbill with a bicolored bill that differs between the sexes: the male’s bill is mostly dark with a pale wedge at the base, and the female’s bill is mostly ivory above with a purple-reddish tip. It has a buoyant and undulating flight pattern; note the pale rump and pale tail tip. Pairs are common in open dry savanna and broadleaved woodland. Its territorial call, given with the bill raised skywards and the wings flicked with each note, is a long series of plaintive piping “piu-piu-piu” notes that concludes with some rolling whistles. The similar Pale-billed Hornbill differs by having a pale bill lacking any dark coloration.
识别特征
At 45–51 cm (18–20 in) in length, the African grey hornbill is a large bird, although it is one of the smaller hornbills. Its plumage is grey and brown, with the head, flight feathers and long tail being of a darker shade. There is a white line down each side of the crown and another down the back which is only visible in flight. Their long curved bills feature a small casque along the upper culmen, which is more prominent in males than females. A dark upper mandible with creamy-yellow mark or horizontal stripe is diagnostic of males, whereas females have tricoloured, red-tipped mandibles. The plumage of the male and female is similar. That of juveniles doesn't differ much from adults, but their bills are initially uniformly blackish. The flight is undulating. The similarly sized red-billed hornbills occur in similar savannah habitats but have pied plumage.<p>This conspicuous bird advertises its presence with a piping pee-o pee-o pee-o call.
分类信息
In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the African grey hornbill in the fourth volume of his Ornithologie based on a specimen collected in Senegal. He used the French name Le calao à bec noir du Sénégal and the Latin name Hydrocorax Senegalensis Melanorynchos. Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognized by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the twelfth edition he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson in his Ornithologie. Linnaeus included a terse description of the African grey hornbill, placed it with the other hornbills in the genus Buceros and coined the binomial name Buceros nasutus.<p>The African grey hornbill is now placed in the genus Lophoceros that was introduced in 1833 by two German naturalists, Wilhelm Hemprich and Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg. This genus was resurrected in 2013 to contain a group of hornbills that had previously been placed in the genus Tockus. The genus name Lophoceros combines the Ancient Greek lophos meaning "crest" with kerōs meaning "horn". The specific epithet nasutus is from Latin and means "large-nosed".<p>Two subspecies are recognized:
- 学名
- Lophoceros nasutus
- 命名信息
- (Linnaeus, 1766)
- 目
- Bucerotiformes
- 科
- Bucerotidae
- 属
- Lophoceros
分布与栖息地
African grey hornbill is widespread over much of sub-Saharan Africa. It prefers open woodland and savannah.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The female lays two to four white eggs in a tree hollow, which is blocked off during incubation with a cement made of mud, droppings and fruit pulp. There is only one narrow aperture, just large enough for the male to transfer food to the mother and the chicks. When the chicks and female outgrow the nest, the mother breaks out and rebuilds the wall, after which both parents feed the chicks.<p>The African grey hornbill is omnivorous, taking insects, fruit and reptiles. It feeds mainly in trees.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
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Zosterops chloris
Bright yellowish white-eye with a disjunct island range; found from southwestern Borneo to southern Papua. Compare carefully with other local white-eyes. Favors open coastal forest, forest edge, scrubby areas, gardens, plantations, and towns; can be abundant on small islands. Song is a jumbled series of high-pitched notes; it is a common sound during early mornings and late evenings on islands. Calls include sharp descending cheeps and sparrow-like tweets.
Willie-wagtail
Rhipidura leucophrys
Large black-and-white songbird with fine bill and long legs. Black above, white below, with narrow white eyebrow. Similar Restless Flycatcher has white chin, no white eyebrow, and more peaked crown. Inhabits parks, farms, and grasslands, where often perches prominently, flicking the tail from side to side and giving a pleasing “chitit-chitit-chitit” call.
Bougainville Thicketbird
Cincloramphus llaneae
A relatively thick-bodied, long-tailed warbler, prone to creeping like a mouse low in vegetation. Dark brown above. Chest and face paler orange-rusty with a dark eye-stripe. Belly darker than chest. Found in dense dark stands of bamboo, ferns, and forest undergrowth above 900 meters of elevation. Voice reported to be a two-noted whistled phrase, followed by a single higher-pitched note.
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