Stripe-tailed Hummingbird
Eupherusa eximia
Distinctive, medium-sized hummingbird found in foothills and highlands. Favors humid evergreen forests and shade-coffee plantations. Mainly feeds at low to middle levels, darting quickly among flowers and flashing open its tail to reveal white stripes. Both sexes have a bright rusty panel in the wings, which appears as a blur when hovering. Male is brilliant green overall. Female is pale gray below and has less white in the tail.
识别特征
The stripe-tailed hummingbird is 9 to 10.5 cm (3.5 to 4.1 in) long and weighs an average of 4–4.5 g (0.14–0.16 oz). Both sexes of all subspecies have a straight black bill. The nominate male has bright metallic grass green upperparts that is more bronzy on the uppertail coverts. Cinnamon rufous secondaries show as a patch on the folded wing. Its three inner pairs of tail feathers are dark bronze green; the outer two pairs have black outer webs and white inner ones with black tips, giving the species its English name. Its underparts are bright metallic grass green with white undertail coverts. The female also has grass green upperparts; its underparts are brownish gray with metallic green spots on the sides. Its tail is similar to the male's with the addition of dusky to black tips on the inner feathers.<p>Males of subspecies E. e. nelsoni are larger than the nominate. Their underparts are more yellowish green, and the black tips of the outer tail feathers are less sharply defined. Males of E. e. egregia are also larger than the nominate. The black on the outer web of the two outermost pairs of tail feathers is limited to the tip. The female's outermost pair of tail feathers are usually entirely white.
分类信息
The stripe-tailed hummingbird has three subspecies, the nominate E. e. eximia, E. e. nelsoni, and E. e. egregia. Some authors have also treated the white-tailed hummingbird (E. poliocerca) and Oaxaca hummingbird (E. cyanophrys) as additional subspecies.
- 学名
- Eupherusa eximia
- 命名信息
- (Delattre, 1843)
- 目
- Apodiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Eupherusa
分布与栖息地
- 迁徙
- Vertical migration
行为
The stripe-tailed hummingbird makes seasonal elevational movements, breeding in the higher parts of its range and moving to the lower parts after breeding.<p>The stripe-tailed hummingbird forages for nectar at all levels of the forest, but most often in the canopy. Both species forage lower at edges and in clearings, but only females are regular in the understory. Males often aggressively defend patches of flowers. It feeds on a wide variety of flowering plants and has been noted to favor Inga trees, Acanthaceae and Rubiaceae shrubs, epiphytes, and the flowers of Clusia, Besleria, and Salvia.<p>The stripe-tailed hummingbird breeds between April and August in Mexico and September to April in Costa Rica; its breeding seasons in other parts of its range have not been defined. It makes a cup nest of plant down with lichens (especially red ones) on the outside, and typically places it 1 to 3 m (3 to 10 ft) above the ground near a stream. The clutch size is two eggs; the incubation period and time to fledging are not known.<p>The stripe-tailed hummingbird's song is "1-3 squeaky, sometimes metallic notes, then a low, dry, insectlike trill, then 1-3 more squeaks". Its calls include "a liquid, rattling trill", a "sharp, piercing peet or bzeet", and "a sharp buzz".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Spot-winged Starling
Saroglossa spilopterus
Uncommon pale-eyed starling with a white patch on each wing. Male is metallic dark blue-gray above with an orange breast and belly. Female is essentially plain gray all over. Found at middle elevations, where flocks frequent open forests and forest edges. Often forages in flowering and fruiting trees. Flocks give a noisy, rolling, high-pitched chatter.
Papuan Logrunner
Orthonyx novaeguineae
A medium-sized, ground-dwelling bird of mossy montane forest. Brown streaked back, gray and buff wing bars, and gray face, extending down the sides of the chest. Male has a white throat and chest whereas in the female it is orange, both edged with a black line. Very skulking and hard to see. Forages by scratching the leaf-litter. Not really similar to any other ground-dwelling birds in the mountains. More often heard than see. Song is a very distinctive, descending series of clear, penetrating, whistled notes which sound slightly out of tune.
Southern Nutcracker
Nucifraga hemispila
Large, distinctive corvid, roughly the size of a Eurasian Jay. Note the long and heavy bill, white-flecked face, and black cap. Note unspotted dark brown back and sides. Short tail, white vent, and white tail markings evident during undulating, woodpecker-like flight. Inhabits coniferous and mixed forests, from lowlands up into high montane forests. Often stores nuts for the winter. Mostly resident but large numbers may irrupt periodically out of the normal range in response to food shortages. Gives a variety of calls, especially during the breeding season, including harsh grating rasps, as well as quieter “mumbling” calls and mimicry. Formerly grouped with Northern Nutcracker under the more generic “Eurasian Nutcracker.”
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