White-lored Spinetail
Synallaxis albilora
Typical spinetail with a long spiky tail, a grayish head, cinnamon wings and tail, a white throat, and rather bright tawny underparts. Sexes similar. The whitish lores are not particularly conspicuous. Inhabits the understory of gallery forest in southwestern Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia. Note voice: a sharp, nasal “keeeu...kit-kweet!” Compare with Plain-crowned Spinetail, which has less richly colored underparts and a faster song.
识别特征
The white-lored spinetail is 15 to 16 cm (5.9 to 6.3 in) long and weighs 13 to 17 g (0.46 to 0.60 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have dull whitish lores on an otherwise brownish gray face. Their crown and upper back are grayish brown, their lower back and rump are bright rufous-brown, and their uppertail coverts are dark rufous. Their wings are bright rufous with fuscous-brown tips on the flight feathers. Their tail is dark rufous; it is graduated and the feathers have blunt tips. Their throat is white; their underparts are mostly bright tawny ochraceous, orange, or buffy orange with a whitish center on a paler belly. Their iris is cinnamon brown, their maxilla is black to dark gray, their mandible is gray, and their legs and feet are gray to dull brownish.
分类信息
The white-lored spinetail is monotypic.<p>What is now the Araguaia spinetail (S. simoni) was previously treated as a subspecies of the white-lored spinetail. Before that, both were treated as subspecies of the plain-crowned spinetail (S. gujanensis). The International Ornithological Committee, the Clements taxonomy, and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World have implemented the splits. However, the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society retains the Araguaia spinetail within the white-lored.
- 学名
- Synallaxis albilora
- 命名信息
- Pelzeln, 1856
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Synallaxis
分布与栖息地
The white-lored spinetail is found in southern Mato Grosso and western Mato Grosso do Sul in Brazil and south through southeastern Bolivia into northern Paraguay. It inhabits the undergrowth of gallery forest, riparian woodland and scrublands. It occurs below 1,000 m (3,300 ft) of elevation.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The white-lored spinetail is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The white-lored spinetail feeds on arthropods. It usually forages singly or in pairs, in vines and tangles in the understorey, mostly up to about 2 m (7 ft) above the ground. It gleans its prey from the ground, foliage, and small branches.<p>The white-lored spinetail's core breeding season is from August to December but it can start as early as June and extend to February. Pairs have been noted to make three breeding attempts in a season. Its nest is a mass of sticks with an entrance tunnel leading to an interior chamber that is lined with leaves and other soft material. Both sexes construct the nest, typically placing it in a bush or small tree up to about 7 m (23 ft) above the ground. The clutch size is three to four eggs. The incubation period is about 15 days and fledging occurs about 13 to 14 days after hatching. Both members of the pair provide nestlings.<p>The white-lored spinetail's song is repeated "sharp 'keeew kiw-kweet' notes". It also makes a "single, nasal, and level-pitched note that is typically repeated several times". Both sexes sing. They sing mainly in the morning, and from a hidden perch in vegetation.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Rufous-tailed Tailorbird
Orthotomus sericeus
Typical tailorbird, with an often-cocked-up tail, long bill, and active disposition. Gray above and white below, with an orange-brown crown and tail. Unlike similar Ashy Tailorbird, which has a gray tail, females and males essentially look alike. Inhabits open forests and forest edge, including shrubby gardens and field edges, where it keeps to dense vegetation. Often engages in flycatching behavior from a low perch. Calls are variable and include a nasal “dee-dee-dee-dee”, as well as an odd, echoing note that resembles that of a water droplet. Song is loud, ringing, and repetitive.
Chirinda Apalis
Apalis chirindensis
Plain, dull slender long-tailed canopy warbler-like bird that is gray above and pale underneath, with pinkish legs and white tips to the tail. The female is like the male but has a pale base to the beak. Singles and pairs are resident in the mid-story and canopy of mid-altitude and montane forest, mostly between 1200–2200m, where it may join mixed flocks. Voice a strident repeated upslurred “swick-swick-swick….”. Only marginally overlaps with similar Black-headed Apalis, which is more contrasting than Chirinda: darker above and paler beneath, and in zone of overlap has a pale eye.
Pale-billed Sicklebill
Drepanornis bruijnii
A large, long-billed bird of lowland forest. Brown upperparts with black head and grayish facial skin behind the eye. Note the curved, pale bill. Male has a black throat, sides and two small, hornlike tufts on the head. Female has pale underparts with dark barring. Similar to female Twelve-wired Bird-of-Paradise and Magnificent Riflebird, but female Pale-billed Sicklebill has a longer, thinner, more curved bill. One of several vocalizations, a descending series of low whistles, reminiscent of Common Potoo.
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