Flesh-footed Shearwater
Ardenna carneipes
Entirely the color of dark chocolate with a dark-tipped pink bill. Fairly large; similar in size and shape to Pink-footed Shearwater. Shorter-tailed and stockier than dark-morph Wedge-tailed Shearwater (which usually has dark bill). Also compare with dark Procellaria petrels such as Parkinson’s; note overall shape and differences in bill shape and pattern. Namesake foot color is difficult to see in normal field conditions. Fairly common over much of Pacific and Indian oceans; uncommon to rare off west coast of North America. Can be seen alone or with feeding congregations of other shearwaters. Breeds on islands off the coast of southern Australia and northern New Zealand. Not likely to be seen from land; stays further offshore.
识别特征
The flesh-footed shearwater (Ardenna carneipes), also called sable shearwater, is a medium-large shearwater that mainly inhabits the Indo-Pacific. Its plumage is black with pale pinkish feet, and a pale bill with a distinct black tip. Together with the equally light-billed pink-footed shearwater, it forms the Hemipuffinus group, a superspecies which may or may not have an Atlantic relative in the great shearwater. These large shearwaters are among those that have been separated into the genus Ardenna. Recent genetic analysis indicates evidence of strong divergence between Pacific colonies relative to those in South and Western Australia, thought to be explained by philopatry and differences in foraging strategies during the breeding season. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2021 found very little genetic difference between the flesh-footed shearwater and the pink-footed shearwater (Ardenna creatopus). The authors of the study suggested that these two taxa might be better considered as conspecific. The flesh-footed shearwater breeds in colonies, and has two main breeding areas; one in the southwest Pacific Ocean includes Lord Howe Island (22,654 pairs ), South Australia (about 1,800 pairs breeding on two islands) and northern New Zealand (13,000 pairs); the other population comprises no more than 36,000 pairs breeding on 42 islands along the coast of Western Australia from Cape Leeuwin to the Recherche Archipelago. Another 500 pairs breed on St Paul Island in the Indian Ocean. A record of birds on Astola Island of Pakistan in the Arabian Sea is unconfirmed. Recent evidence suggests populations are declining across much of the species' range. The species was recently listed as near threatened in Australia and nationally vulnerable in New Zealand, and has been recommended for listing under the Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels. At the state level, the species is listed as vulnerable in Western Australia and New South Wales and rare in South Australia. The species occurs as a (boreal) summer visitor in the North Pacific Ocean, where potentially large numbers are taken as bycatch in fisheries. The species also suffers from climate related impacts and significant heavy metal contamination, the cause of which is not fully understood, but is likely due to the ingestion of significant quantities of plastic, which the birds mistake for food floating on the ocean surface.
分类信息
Genus: Ardenna; Family: Procellariidae; Order: Procellariiformes.
- 学名
- Ardenna carneipes
- 命名信息
- (Gould, 1844)
- 目
- Procellariiformes
- 科
- Procellariidae
- 属
- Ardenna
分布与栖息地
Breeding range: PO, IO : islets off St. Paul (c Indian Ocean), sw, s Australia, Lord Howe I. (e of Australia), North I. and Cook Strait (New Zealand). Non-breeding range: to Arabian Sea, e Malagasy region, n Pacific e of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk to Gulf of Alaska and w USA coast (rare).
- 繁殖区
- PO, IO : islets off St. Paul (c Indian Ocean), sw, s Australia, Lord Howe I. (e of Australia), North I. and Cook Strait (New Zealand)
- 非繁殖区
- to Arabian Sea, e Malagasy region, n Pacific e of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk to Gulf of Alaska and w USA coast (rare)
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
Migration pattern: Complete migrants.
保护状况
Population trend: declining.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
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Astrapia splendidissima
A long-tailed bird of montane forest. Black back and white base to the upper tail, more extensive in the male. Male has iridescent blue-green underparts, head and bib with rufous breast band and thin, rufous stripe down the side of the neck. Female has a black head and a barred belly. Feeds on fruit and searches for insects on mossy branches and epiphytes. Range of Ribbon-tailed Astrapia may just meet, but Splendid Astrapia female has white in the base of the upper tail. Call, a clicking sound.
Yellow-breasted Barbet
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A big, conspicuous, colorful barbet of dry country with termite mounds. Both sexes have a black forehead and males also have a black throat patch. Usually in pairs and small groups. Separated from D’Arnaud’s Barbet by the unspeckled yellow face, and from Red-and-yellow Barbet by the lack of red on the head. The song is a long series of the same rollicking musical phrase repeated over and over, often given as a duet; similar to the song of Red-and-yellow Barbet, but higher-pitched and faster.
Streaked Weaver
Ploceus manyar
Male in breeding plumage has a golden-yellow cap covering the forehead and crown, and a blackish face and throat. Dark brown above with rusty edges to feathers, and buffy white below with longitudinal dark streaks on the flanks and upper breast. Non-breeding males, females, and juveniles more similar to other weavers; they have a yellowish buff eye-brow that extends down around the back of the face, streaky flanks, and dark brown upperparts with long streaks on the back. More partial to water than Baya Weaver, nesting around reedbeds in wetlands. Noisy near breeding colonies. Males make a continuous chirpy “cheer” or “teaur” call, not as loud as Baya Weaver’s.
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