Parrot Crossbill
Loxia pytyopsittacus
Bull-necked, big-headed crossbill with a deep and heavy bill, otherwise identical to Red Crossbill. Males are red; females and juveniles greenish. Deeper call notes "chup, chup" subtly different from Red Crossbill. Occurs mainly in mature and tall coniferous forests, especially pine forests, although may be found in spruce and conifer plantations during periodic irruptions following pine-cone crop failure.
识别特征
Adult males tend to be red or orange in colour, and females green or yellow, but there is much variation. This species is difficult to separate from red and Scottish crossbills, and plumage distinctions are negligible. It is slightly larger than other crossbills, measuring 16 to 18 cm (6.3 to 7.1 in) long and spanning 27 to 31 cm (11 to 12 in) across the wings. It is quite bulky and heavy weighing from 44 to 58.2 g (1.55 to 2.05 oz), with an average of 53 g (1.9 oz). The head and bill are larger than in either of the other species. The bill is thicker than those of its relatives, and the crossed tips are often not readily apparent. Extreme care is needed to identify this species. The deeper, harder choop or tyuup call is probably the best indicator.
分类信息
The parrot crossbill was formerly described in 1793 by the German naturalist Moritz Balthasar Borkhausen under the binomial name Loxia pytyopsittacus. The type locality was designated as Sweden by Ernst Hartert.<p> The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised. The genus name Loxia is from Ancient Greek loxos meaning "crosswise"; the specific epithet pytyopsittacus combines pitus, pituos meaning "pine" with psittakos meaning "parrot. The crossbills are characterised by the mandibles crossing at their tips, which gives the group its English name.<p>Some pine-feeding populations currently assigned to red crossbill in southern Europe may possibly be better referred to either this species or alternatively to new species in their own right, but as yet, research into them is still at a very early stage.
- 学名
- Loxia pytyopsittacus
- 命名信息
- Borkhausen, 1793
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Fringillidae
- 属
- Loxia
分布与栖息地
This bird breeds in the pine forests of northwest Europe and into western Russia. There is also a small population in Scotland, adding to the difficulty of distinguishing it from the sympatric red crossbill and the endemic Scottish crossbill. This crossbill is mainly resident, but will migrate south and west if its food source fails.
- 繁殖区
- PAL : subarctic to n temperate nw Palearctic in conifers: Scotland (n British Is.), Scandinavia to and Baltic countries n Europe to Petchora River region (w Siberia), in s Lithuania to sw Siberia
- 非繁殖区
- irruptively southward
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Parrot crossbills will form flocks outside the breeding season, often mixed with other crossbills.<p>They are specialist feeders on conifer cones, and the unusual bill shape is an adaptation to assist the extraction of the seeds from the cone. The parrot crossbill is a specialist feeder on the cones of Scots pine.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
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