Wood Sandpiper
Tringa glareola
Medium-sized brownish wader with a white belly, varied pale spotting and spangling on back. In flight shows plain upperwings, square white rump patch. Legs greenish yellow. Breeds in bogs and marshes in open coniferous and mixed forests. Migrants and wintering birds occur in varied wetland habitats, especially with grassy and other vegetation cover. Walks in shallow water, picking with its bill. Mainly found as singles or small flocks, not mixed with other species. Bobs tail when nervous, but not habitually like Common Sandpiper.
分类信息
- 学名
- Tringa glareola
- 命名信息
- Linnaeus, 1758
- 目
- Charadriiformes
- 科
- Scolopacidae
- 属
- Tringa
分布与栖息地
- 繁殖区
- PAL : inland subarctic to temperate wooded wetlands of n Palearctic: Scotland (n British Is.), n Scandinavia, Austria e through inland n Russia to w Chukotskiy Pen., to e Siberia and ne China, in s through n Mongolia, ne China, Kamchatka and Commander Is. (e Russia)
- 非繁殖区
- AF, OR, AU : inland subtropical to tropical small open wetlands of Paleotropics: Africa, s Arabian Pen., s, se Asia, Indonesian Arch., New Guinea, Australia (except Tasmania), Philippines, Taiwan, e China and Ryukyu Is. (s Japan)
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
The wood sandpiper breeds in subarctic wetlands from the Scottish Highlands across Europe and then east across the Palearctic. They migrate to Africa, Southern Asia, particularly India, and Australia. Vagrant birds have been seen as far into the Pacific as the Hawaiian Islands. In Micronesia it is a regular visitor to the Mariana Islands (where flocks of up to 32 birds are reported) and Palau; it is recorded on Kwajalein in the Marshall Islands about once per decade. This species is encountered in the western Pacific region between mid-October and mid-May. A slight westward expansion saw the establishment of a small but permanent breeding population in Scotland since the 1950s.<p>This bird is usually found on freshwater during migration and wintering. They forage by probing in shallow water or on wet mud, and mainly eat insects and similar small prey. T. glareola nests on the ground or uses an abandoned old tree nest of another bird, such as the fieldfare (Turdus pilaris). Four pale green eggs are laid between March and May.<p>Adult wood sandpipers moult all their primary feathers between August and December, whilst immature birds moult varying number of outer primaries between December and April, much closer to their departure from Africa. Immatures are also much more flexible than adults in the timing and rate of their moult and refueling. Adults and immatures which accumulate fuel loads of c.50% of their lean body mass can potentially cross distances of 2397–4490 km in one non-stop flight.<p>The wood sandpiper is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies.<p>Widespread, it is considered a Species of Least Concern by the IUCN.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Barbuda Warbler
Setophaga subita
A brightly colored inhabitant of thickets and scrub near water. The combination of blue-gray upperparts, extensively yellow underparts, white wingbars, and distinctive facial pattern are unique within its range. The song is variable, but most often is a burbling series of sweet notes given in three parts, with the middle part higher pitched. The call is a single loud sweet chip.
Straight-billed Earthcreeper
Ochetorhynchus ruficaudus
Perky little bird of rocky slopes and valleys in Andes, often in areas with low bushes and scrubby trees. Nests in holes in banks. Found singly or in pairs and at times curious and confiding. Runs well on ground with long rusty tail strongly cocked up. Identified by rather long, overall straight bill, whitish bib, and rusty streaking on belly. Has a longer bill than the superficially similar, but smaller canasteros.
Buff-breasted Tody-Tyrant
Hemitriccus mirandae
Unobtrusive, drab little brownish flycatcher. Olive-backed, pale below, with the head looking disproportionately large compared to the rest of the body. Note the buff lores and eye-ring. Inhabits remnant humid forest patches at higher elevations. Sings a sharp series of “kit-kit-kit-kiit-kiit-kiiit-kit” notes.
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