Montane Woodcreeper
Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger
Fairly small and slender woodcreeper found in Andean subtropical zone from Venezuela to Bolivia. Warm brown overall, with rufous wings and tail. Distinct white streaking on underparts, white throat, and white eyebrow. Note slender, obviously decurved bill, which is useful to separate Montane from other woodcreepers in range. Fairly common in mossy cloud forest, where it frequently follows mixed species flocks. Like other woodcreepers, hitches up tree trunks and large limbs.
识别特征
The montane woodcreeper is 19 to 19.5 cm (7.5 to 7.7 in) long; males weigh 31 to 35 g (1.1 to 1.2 oz) and females 29.5 to 33 g (1.0 to 1.2 oz). It is a smallish to medium-sized woodcreeper with a slim, slightly decurved bill. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies L. l. lacrymiger have a markedly streaked face and neck with a whitish supercilium that is often broken. Their crown and nape are dusky brown with conspicuous whitish buff spots with black tips; the spots become streaks on the nape. Their back and wing coverts are rufous-brown and their rump, wings, and tail rufous-chestnut. Their underparts are olive-brown with long, wide, black-edged and tipped buffy streaks . Their iris is dark brown and their legs and feet olive-gray to dark horn. Their maxilla is blackish to dusky gray or dark horn and the mandible pale gray to whitish. Juveniles have less distinct borders on the underside streaks, and a shorter and darker bill.<p>The other subspecies of the montane woodcreeper differ from the nominate and each other thus:
分类信息
The montane woodcreeper was formerly considered conspecific with the spot-crowned woodcreeper (L. affinis) but they were split in the early 2000s.<p>The montane woodcreeper has these nine subspecies:
- 学名
- Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger
- 命名信息
- (Lafresnaye, 1849)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Lepidocolaptes
分布与栖息地
The subspecies of the montane woodcreeper are found thus:<p>The population of the montane woodcreeper on the western slope of the Andes in northwestern Peru could be either L. l. aequatorialis or L. l. warscewiczi.<p>The montane woodcreeper inhabits a variety of forested landscapes, mostly in mid- to upper elevations. It favors montane evergreen forest and cloudforest, and also occurs in somewhat open woodland, montane deciduous forest, and stunted forest near treeline. It is found in the interior of primary forest but is thought to be more common at its edges and in mature secondary forest. It also occurs in clearings and pastures with trees. In elevation it generally ranges between 1,750 and 3,000 m (5,700 and 9,800 ft) but is occasionally found as low as 900 m (3,000 ft) in Venezuela. In Colombia it ranges between 1,700 and 3,500 m (5,600 and 11,500 ft) and in Ecuador between 1,500 and 3,000 m (4,900 and 9,800 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The montane woodcreeper is a year-round resident in most of its range; in Venezuela there is some movement to lower elevations in the rainy season.<p>The montane woodcreeper's diet is not known in detail but is primarily arthropods. It typically forages singly or in pairs and regularly joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It is not known to follow army ant swarms. It hitches up trunks and along the underside of branches, typically from the forest's midlevel to the subcanopy and seldom near the ground. It captures prey by gleaning from surfaces and by probing bark crevices, epiphytes, and moss.<p>The montane woodcreeper's breeding seasons vary geographically but generally fall within April to August. It nests in a cavity in a tree or stump, either natural or excavated by a woodpecker. One nest contained three eggs. The incubation period and time to fledging are not known. Pairs are thought to remain together year-round, and both sexes are assumed to care for young.<p>The montane woodcreeper is not highly vocal. Its song is "a 2·5 second series of 10–15 high-pitched whistles that accelerates and descends: 'tsip, tsip, tsip, ts-ts-tseeeéu, tseeu, tseu-tseu-tseu-tseu' or 'tseu, tseu, tsip-tsip, tsee-tsee-tsee-tsee-tsee' ". It also makes a "series of 3 reedy squeaks", a "double-noted cry", and a "rattle with introductory 'ah' ".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Rusty Whistler
Pachycephala hyperythra
A medium-sized bird of foothill forest midstory. Brown back, pale cinnamon belly, gray head and white throat. Similar to Little Shrikethrush, but Rusty Whistler is smaller and usually has a contrasting white throat. Often found in pairs foraging for insects. A vocal species with a typical whistler array of notes, including various warbles and a ringing, high-pitch note, often followed by a downward “chew chew!” or a sharp upward “wik wik!”.
Papuan King-Parrot
Alisterus chloropterus
A brightly-colored, long-tailed parrot of forest and clearings from the foothills to the mid-mountains. Males have a red head and underparts, blue rump and back of the neck, dark wings and a pale green shoulder bar. Females in the east have green head and upperparts with a red belly. In the west they more resemble the male. Similar to Moluccan King-Parrot but where the ranges meet, but Papuan King-Parrot has a pale green shoulder bar. Call, a series of clear, high, piping notes given at slightly different pitches.
Western House-Martin
Delichon urbicum
Distinctive small swallow with blue-black upperparts, a big white rump patch, and snow-white underparts. Juvenile in late summer and autumn is duller above and dingier below than adult. Compare with other swallows; note the relatively shallowly forked and streamerless tail, as well as jerky and fluttery flight. In east of range, overlaps with very similar Siberian House-Martin (formerly treated as one species); note present species’ significantly smaller rump patch. Breeds colonially, frequently building mud nests under the eaves of buildings; forages over varied open and semi-open habitats, especially water bodies and adjacent fields. Gives a soft burbling trill.
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