Western Yellow Wagtail
Motacilla flava
Widespread wagtail, favoring wet meadows, marshland, grassy and muddy lakeshores. Occurs in fields and often near livestock during migration. Like other wagtails, walks on ground and pumps its long, white-sided tail up and down. Plumage highly variable, but breeding male wholly bright yellow below, with greenish back. Male head pattern varies regionally: in U.K. has greenish head with yellow eyebrow; in northern Europe head slaty gray overall; in central and southwest Europe head blue-gray with white eyebrow; striking white-headed birds in Mongolia and northwestern China. Individuals of several subspecies may winter together. Female and nonbreeding plumages drabber and paler, with ghosting of male patterns. Songs and calls vary between subspecies, but most give some form of buzzy “dzeerdzeer” or downslurrd “tzree.”
分类信息
Motacilla is the Latin name for the wagtail; although actually a diminutive of motare, " to move about", from medieval times it led to the misunderstanding of cilla as "tail". The specific flava is Latin for golden-yellow.<p>This species' systematics and phylogeny is extremely confusing. Dozens of subspecies have been described at one time or another, and some 15-20 are currently considered valid depending on which author reviews them. In addition, the citrine wagtail (M. citreola) forms a cryptic species complex with this bird;[page needed] both taxa as conventionally delimited are paraphyletic in respect to each other. The populations of the Beringian region are sometimes separated as eastern yellow wagtail (M. tschutschensis).<p>Colouration refers to males except when noted.<p>The nominate blue-headed wagtail and yellow wagtail form a narrow hybrid zone in northern France. Birds from this zone vary in appearance, but one type, which resembles nominate blue-headed wagtail (except that the blue tones to the head are paler and more mauve and the white of the head is more extensive, particularly on the throat, ear-coverts, and supercilium) is colloquially referred to as Channel wagtail.
- 学名
- Motacilla flava
- 命名信息
- Linnaeus, 1758
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Motacillidae
- 属
- Motacilla
分布与栖息地
- 繁殖区
- PAL : widespread
- 非繁殖区
- OR, AF
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
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Striking and distinctive gooselike duck. Plumage bright ruddy overall with contrasting pale creamy head and neck; male has narrow black neck ring. Big white forewing patches striking in flight. Breeds in southeastern Europe and Central Asia, winters in South Asia. Often found around saline lakes; also reservoirs and agricultural fields. Escapees from waterfowl collections occasionally seen free-flying outside of native range.
Tooth-billed Wren
Odontorchilus cinereus
Slender, inconspicuous wren with a long tail, recalling a gnatcatcher. Has rather dull plumage: gray above, very pale grayish below, with a brownish crown. Note the dark bars on the tail. Forages high in the canopy of humid forests and almost invariably accompanies mixed-species flocks. Sings a loud series of “tsee” notes repeated continually.
Oriole Warbler
Hypergerus atriceps
A large warbler with a long tail and bill. Odd and unique, with a somewhat oriole-like coloration: a black hood with white scaling, an olive-green back, and yellow underparts. With a good view, cannot be confused with any other bird. Prefers gallery forest in areas near water, though also found along rainforest edge and in plantations and mangroves. A skulking bird that is usually detected by the male’s song: an exuberant series of loud whistles, given in a variable, robin-like pattern. The female sometimes accompanies this song with low chattering scolds.
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