Jabiru
Jabiru mycteria
Huge, massive-billed, and unmistakable stork of tropical lowlands. Found in marshes and flooded fields, but nests high in large trees. Sometimes seen feeding in wetlands in loose association with other wading birds, which are all much smaller. Flies strongly and often high overhead, sometimes even soaring like a vulture. Plumage is wholly white (no black in wings in flight) but the naked head and neck are black, with a broad red band at base of the neck.
识别特征
The jabiru is the tallest flying bird found in South America and Central America, often standing nearly the same height as the flightless and thus much heavier greater rhea. For the continent, it also has the second largest wingspan, after the Andean condor (that is, excluding the great albatross occasionally found off the coast of southern South America). The adult jabiru is 120–140 cm (47–55 in) long, 2.3–2.8 m (7.5–9.2 ft) across the wings, and can weigh 4.3–9 kg (9.5–19.8 lb). Sexual dimorphism is high, possibly the highest of any stork, with males being about 25% larger than females. Males weigh an average of 6.89 kg (15.2 lb) whereas females weigh an average of 5.22 kg (11.5 lb). Large males may stand as tall as 1.53 m (5.0 ft). The beak, which measures 25–35 cm (9.8–13.8 in), is black and broad, slightly upturned, ending in a sharp point. Among other standard measurements, the tail measures 20–25 cm (7.9–9.8 in), the tarsus measures 28.5–39 cm (11.2–15.4 in) long and the wing chord measures 58.5–73 cm (23.0–28.7 in). The plumage is mostly white, but the head and upper neck are featherless and black, with a featherless red stretchable patch at the base. The sexes are similar in appearance but the male is larger, which can be noticeable when the sexes are together. While it can give the impression of being an ungainly bird on the ground, the jabiru is a powerful and graceful flier.
分类信息
Hinrich Lichtenstein described the jabiru in 1819. The name jabiru has also been used for two other birds of a distinct genus: black-necked stork (Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus), commonly called "jabiru" in Australia; and sometimes also for the saddle-billed stork (Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis) of Sub-Saharan Africa. In particular, Gardiner's Egyptian hieroglyph G29, believed to depict an E. senegalensis, is sometimes labeled "jabiru" in hieroglyph lists. The Ephippiorhynchus is believed to be the jabiru's closest living cousin, indicating an Old World origin for the species.<p>The proposed Late Pleistocene fossil stork genus Prociconia from Brazil might actually belong in Jabiru. A fossil species of jabiru was found in the early Pliocene Codore Formation near Urumaco, Venezuela, and named Jabiru codorensis.<p>In Portuguese, the bird is called tuiuiu, tuim-de-papo-vermelho ("red-necked tuim", in Mato Grosso) and cauauá (in the Amazon Basin). The name jabiru is used for the wood stork (Mycteria americana).
- 学名
- Jabiru mycteria
- 命名信息
- (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1819)
- 目
- Ciconiiformes
- 科
- Ciconiidae
- 属
- Jabiru
分布与栖息地
- 迁徙
- Resident species
保护状况
Jabirus are widespread but not abundant in any area. They are considered a species of least concern by the IUCN, an improvement from a status of near threatened in 1988. Jabiru gained protected status in Belize in 1973. Since then, their numbers in that area have slowly risen. They have been granted protected status by the U.S. Migratory Bird Act.
- 种群趋势
- unknown
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Black-headed White-eye
Zosterops hypoxanthus
A small, mostly yellow bird with a bold white eye-ring and a black head with a bright banana-yellow throat and underparts. Neck, back, and wings olive-green. Note black edges to wings and tail. Found in forest, forest edge, and open plantation or garden areas. Voice includes a tinkling song as well as “zching” and “sip sip” calls.
White-browed Scrubwren
Sericornis frontalis
Small scrubwren with white eyebrow and pale iris. Has a dark face with a clear white eyebrow and chin stripe. Primarily olive-brown with a black-and-white shoulder patch and paler front. Chin is white with varying levels of black streaking depending on the location. This species is widespread across eastern coastal Australia, but is absent in the northern areas. Western edge of its expected distribution is the Mt Lofty Ranges east of Adelaide. Found in a wide range of habitats but typically only present where there is reasonably thick undergrowth. It often makes a grumpy buzzing call but also sings a clear musical song.
Small Sparrowhawk
Tachyspiza nanus
A small, compact hawk with yellow eyes, a lime-green bill base, and yellow legs. Adult is slate-gray with a vinous breast and whitish belly and thighs. Immatures are unbarred rufous above with boldly streaked pale underparts. Doesn’t soar. Mostly found in hill and montane forest, occasionally lowlands. Confined to Sulawesi. Slightly smaller, shorter-tailed, smaller-billed, and shorter-toed than Vinous-breasted Sparrowhawk, but best separated by voice. Pale eyes distinguish it from Spot-tailed Goshawk and Chinese and Japanese Sparrowhawks. Unbarred thighs and extensive white underwings in flight separate it from adult Japanese Sparrowhawk. Absence of tail spots rules out Spot-tailed Goshawk. Gives a “kew-kew-ke-ke-ke-ke” call, higher-pitched than Vinous-breasted Sparowhawk’s.
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