Yellow-billed Jacamar
Galbula albirostris
Small, charismatic bird of lowland rainforest. Key field mark is yellow bill, easy to see even in dim light. Usually found near treefall gaps in tall forest, where pairs or small groups sit on hanging vines in the mid-story, darting out after flying insects. More likely than other small jacamars to be seen inside forest. Most common vocalization is a short, accelerating trill, trailing off at end; similar to Green-tailed Jacamar but shorter and buzzier.
识别特征
The nominate yellow-billed jacamar is 18 to 21 cm (7.1 to 8.3 in) long and weighs 16 to 24 g (0.56 to 0.85 oz). The male's crown is glossy copper or purplish and the rest of the upper parts are emerald green. The chin is buff, the throat white, and the rest of the underparts are pale reddish cinnamon. The female has paler underparts and a reddish buff throat.<p>Subspecies G. a. chalcocephala is also 18 to 21 cm (7.1 to 8.3 in) long but a little lighter, weighing 16.9 to 22.9 g (0.60 to 0.81 oz). Compared to the nominate, its crown is bronzy purple and its back a darker bronzy green. The chin is darker and the reddish cinnamon of the underparts is richer. The male's throat is the same white but the female's is reddish cinnamon.
分类信息
The yellow-billed jacamar was placed in its own genus, Pslilpornis, in the early 20th century; that genus was merged into Galbula by the middle of the century. It and the blue-necked jacamar (Galbula cyanicollis) were later considered conspecific but have been treated as a superspecies since approximately 1974. The yellow-billed jacamar has two subspecies, the nominate Galbula albirostris albirostris and G. a. chalcocephala.
- 学名
- Galbula albirostris
- 命名信息
- Latham, 1790
- 目
- Galbuliformes
- 科
- Galbulidae
- 属
- Galbula
分布与栖息地
Both subspecies of yellow-billed jacamar occur east of the Andes and north of the Amazon River. The nominate subspecies is found from eastern Colombia's Meta Department through southern and eastern Venezuela into the Guianas and south into northern Brazil. G. a. chalcocephala is found along the upper Orinoco River in southern Venezuela south through southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and western Brazil to northeastern Peru.<p>The preferred habitats of the two subspecies differ somewhat. The nominate inhabits terra firme, várzea, and igapó forests, both primary and secondary. Unlike may other jacamars, it is found primarily in the forest interior rather than its edges, but does frequent openings like clearings and treefalls. It also can be found in gallery forest and sandy coastal forest. Though it has been recorded as high as 1,300 m (4,300 ft), it is usually below 900 m (3,000 ft). In general, G. a. chalcocephala has similar requirements, but in Ecuador and Peru it seems to occur only in terra firme forest. In elevation it has been recorded to 400 m (1,300 ft) in Ecuador and to 800 m (2,600 ft) in Peru.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The yellow-billed jacamar's diet is a large variety of insects. It perches on exposed branches in the canopy, typically in pairs, and sallies from there to catch its flying prey. It also joins mixed-species foraging flocks.<p>Nest burrows of the nominate yellow-billed jacamar have been recorded in arboreal termite nests, and it is assumed to burrow into earth banks as well, like most other jacamars. The nominate nests during the dry season (June to November). Nothing is known about the breeding phenology of G. a. chalcocephala.<p>The yellow-billed jacamar's song is "a high-pitched 'peea peea-pee-pee-te-t-t-e'e'e'e'e'e' or 'peea-pee-pee-te-t-t-t't't't't'ttttt'r'" ending in a rattle. Its calls are described as "a sharp 'peek', 'tew' and 'trra'", sometimes in a series.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Half-collared Sparrow
Arremon semitorquatus
Boldly-patterned sparrow found in the understory of humid forest and second growth; usually difficult to see. Note the bicolored bill (black above and bright yellow below) and black patches on either side of the breast. The black head contrasts with a narrow white eyebrow and gray nape. Olive-green above and largely white below with gray flanks. Listen for a high-pitched “tzee–tzeuuu-tzeeuuu” and a metallic “tic.”
Ocellated Quail
Cyrtonyx ocellatus
Small, elusive quail of brushy pine-oak woods in drier highlands; favors areas with oak scrub and bunchgrass. Usually in small groups; rarely flushes until almost stepped on. It can be seen beside quiet roads and trails, mainly early and late in day, but it usually remains well hidden in cover. Male has striking harlequin face pattern and rusty underparts with complex patterning. Female has a bushy crest and a trace of the male’s facial pattern. Similar species: female Crested Bobwhite.
Mountain Barbet
Psilopogon monticola
Faded-looking barbet of Borneo’s north-central mountain ranges. Grass-green above and pale green below, with a pale blue head, an off-white throat, and a bright red streak on the back of the head. Relatively common in montane and submontane forest and edge (most common 600–1200) but can be difficult to see. Listen for its song, a series of hollow, echoing notes comparable to a water bottle being emptied. Can be found in and around fruiting trees, sometimes in mixed flocks.
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