Red-necked Aracari
Pteroglossus bitorquatus
Medium-sized toucan with a red rump, nape, and breast band; green wings and tail; and a yellow belly. The lower mandible is black in the eastern subspecies, variably white and black in the western subspecies. Inhabits the canopy of humid lowland forest, second growth, and gallery forests, where it forages in pairs or small groups. The common call is a series of “tik” notes. Also gives a series of unmusical “tweah” calls.
识别特征
The red-necked aracari is about 36 to 40 cm (14 to 16 in) long and weighs 112 to 171 g (4.0 to 6.0 oz). The bill of the nominate subspecies has a yellow to greenish white maxilla with black and white along the edge that resembles teeth. The mandible has a white base that angles under the black of the rest of the mandible. Adult males have a blackish crown and dark brown face, chin, and throat. Their eye is surrounded by bare blue to greenish gray skin. Their nape and breast are red; yellow and black bands separate the latter from the throat. The rest of their upperparts are dark green and their underparts are yellow below the breast. Adult females have a browner crown, a lighter face and throat, and a narrower yellow band above the breast than males. Immatures are duller and browner than adults and are orange where adults are red.<p>Subspecies P. b. reichenowi is similar to the nominate but has no yellow band above the breast and less extensive red on the breast. Its bill has a jagged appearance near the base of the mandible where the black and white meet. P. b. sturmii is larger than the nominate and has a wider yellow band above the red breast. The "teeth" on the maxilla are less apparent and the mandible is all black except for an orange-yellow band at its base and a pale tip.
分类信息
The International Ornithological Committee (IOC), the Clements taxonomy, and the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society (SACC) recognize three subspecies of red-necked aracari:<p>BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World treats subspecies P. b. sturmii as a separate species, the "western red-necked araçari", and the other two subspecies as the "eastern red-necked araçari".<p>This article follows the IOC et al. three-subspecies model.
- 学名
- Pteroglossus bitorquatus
- 命名信息
- Vigors, 1826
- 目
- Piciformes
- 科
- Ramphastidae
- 属
- Pteroglossus
分布与栖息地
The subspecies of red-necked aracari are found thus:<p>The red-necked aracari inhabits a variety of forest types from the lowlands to hilly terrain, primarily moist tropical terra firme forest but also gallery forest in cerrado, dense bamboo, and mature secondary forest. In elevation it ranges from sea level to about 800 m (2,600 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The red-necked aracari is probably sedentary, with limited local movements.<p>The red-necked aracari forages from the forest mid level to the canopy, alone, in pairs, or in a small group. Its diet not well known but is primarily fruit and also probably includes insects, eggs, and small vertebrates.<p>The red-necked aracari's breeding season in much of its range spans from February to August but in some areas is April to September and in Bolivia is from July to December. It is assumed to nest in tree cavities like other toucans. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology.<p>The red-necked aracari has a wide variety of vocalizations, variously repeated "tik or tek notes", repeated "ttak or tyat", and "single ik notes, a tweah, and growl-like, chattery dcheeeaah calls."
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Sulawesi Serpent-Eagle
Spilornis rufipectus
A large, broad-winged dark raptor. Adults show a short crest, a blackish head with yellow facial skin, a chocolate-brown back, and rust-colored underparts with extensive white speckling. In flight appears blackish with a conspicuous single broad white bar on the rear of the wings and tail. Immatures pale, with dark mask, boldly streaked underparts, and dark chocolate upperside. In flight, note extensive dark markings on underwings. Inhabits forests, edges, rice paddies, and sparsely wooded areas from lowlands to mountains. Confined to Sulawesi and the Banggai and Sula Islands. Speckled rusty underside identifies perched adults, dark mask perched immatures. In flight, distinguished from all other local raptors by white bar on rear wing and tail of adults, and by bold streaking below in immatures. Gives strident “kew” calls, sometimes with inflection: “kew-di-lew.”
Green Malkoha
Ceuthmochares australis
Odd, dark, green-and-gray cuckoo with a bright yellow bill. Found in thick habitats including forest, forest edge, and thickets. Skulks in the thickest parts of the mid-story, especially preferring vine tangles. Call starts with a hesitant series of high “kik” notes, eventually followed by a long, accelerating trill. Dark coloration and yellow bill are distinctive. Range does not overlap with the similar Blue Malkoha.
Rufous Shrikethrush
Colluricincla rufogaster
A chunky bird with a thick pale bill. Shows lots of geographical variation, ranging from mostly rich rufous birds in southern New Guinea to birds that are gray on the back and buffy below, often with a paler throat and/or vague streaking on the underparts, in the Australian portion of the range. Found at low elevations in a variety of moist forest, including secondary forest, gallery forest, swamp forest, and mangroves. Rich, melodious, variable song consists of several penetrating whistles. A classic pattern is several accelerating whistles, followed by a couple of upslurred notes. Calls include “chak” notes and whiny nasal notes. Similar to Gray Shrikethrush, but found in denser habitats, and appears smaller, shorter-tailed, and browner overall, with buffy underparts. Also similar to Rusty Pitohui, but smaller, with a dark rather than pale eye.
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