White-browed Spinetail
Hellmayrea gularis
Small rufous-brown bird found in the undergrowth of temperate forest from 2,500–3,700 m. Overall quite plain with distinctive white throat and eyebrow. Also note spiky rufous tail. Sexes alike. Uncommon and easily overlooked as singles or pairs forage close to the ground among mossy thickets and tangles, sometimes following mixed-species flocks. Listen for piercing high-pitched calls and trilled song.
识别特征
The white-browed spinetail is 11 to 13.5 cm (4.3 to 5.3 in) long and weighs 11 to 15 g (0.39 to 0.53 oz). It has a short tail compared to other spinetails. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies H. g. gularis have whitish supercilia that almost meet on the forehead on an otherwise dark rufescent brown face. Their forehead, crown, and nape are rufescent brown with faint paler streaks. Their upperparts and wings are also rufescent brown. Their tail is rufescent brown; the ends of the feathers are pointed and lack barbs. Their throat is white with a thin black band below it, and their underparts are unmarked cinnamon-brown to buffy brown, sometimes with a gray tinge. Their iris is dark brown to brown, their maxilla black to dark gray, their mandible pinkish horn to gray with a dark tip, and their legs and feet olive, olive-brown, or olive-yellowish. Juveniles have dark tips on the feathers of their breast and belly.<p>Subspecies H. g. brunneidorsalis has browner, less rufescent, upperparts than the nominate, with paler and grayer underparts with brown only on the flanks. H. g. cinereiventris has darker and richer brown upperparts than the nominate, with brownish gray underparts. H. g. rufiventris is darker overall than the nominate, with more rufescent upperparts and dark chestnut underparts.
分类信息
Several twentieth century authors placed the white-browed spinetail in genus Synallaxis. Data published in the early twenty-first century confirm its placement in Hellmayrea, and showed that it is not closely related to Synallaxis but instead to genus Asthenes.<p>The white-browed spinetail is the only member of its genus and has these four subspecies:
- 学名
- Hellmayrea gularis
- 命名信息
- (Lafresnaye, 1843)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Hellmayrea
分布与栖息地
The subspecies of the white-browed spinetail are found thus:<p>The white-browed spinetail is most common in elfin forest; it also inhabits montane evergreen forest and the undergrowth and edges of cloudforest, where it often occurs in thickets of Chusquea bamboo. In elevation it ranges from 2,300 to 3,900 m (7,500 to 12,800 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The white-browed spinetail is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The white-browed spinetail feeds on arthropods. It typically forages singly or in pairs, and occasionally joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It hunts acrobatically, hitching and hopping up trunks and sometimes hangs upside down to reach prey, usually in the forest's dense understorey and sometimes on the ground. It gleans and probes for its prey in moss, dense foliage, dead leaves, bark, and bamboo.<p>Nothing is known about the white-browed spinetail's breeding biology.<p>The white-browed spinetail's song is "a series of high-pitched notes ending in trill, 'chit-chit-chit-chit-chi-chi-chichichichichichi' or 'cheet teet-teet-ti-tititit' ". Its calls include an "abrupt 'chip' " and a "nasal descending trill" and also "repeated single 'chiyt' or 'tseet' notes".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
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