Black-winged Myna
Acridotheres melanopterus
Handsome and striking starling with a mask-like patch of bare yellow skin around the eyes. White with black wingtips; birds on southeastern Java and Bali have dark gray backs as well. Forages predominantly in trees and occasionally descends to the ground. Usually in small flocks. Gives a variety of chatters, whistles, and buzzes. Generally restricted to mangrove forests in northwest Java, but can be found in a range of forests, forest edges, and fields elsewhere in its range. Formerly common and widespread, now vanishingly rare and restricted to protected areas as a result of the cagebird trade.
识别特征
The black-winged myna is a small myna, 23 centimetres (9.1 in) in length. The plumage of this species is striking, with the head, breast, back and rump being white, and the tail and parts of the wings glossy black. The tip of the tail and parts of the wings are also white. The skin around the eye is unfeathered and yellow. The bill is yellow, and slightly darker towards the base. The sexes are alike, and young birds are like the adults except that juveniles' crown and back are grey. The subspecies tricolor is similar to the nominate but has a grey back and much more black on the wings. The subspecies tertius is similar to tricolor except the grey on the back descends to the tail.
分类信息
- 学名
- Acridotheres melanopterus
- 命名信息
- (Daudin, 1800)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Sturnidae
- 属
- Acridotheres
分布与栖息地
Its natural habitats are tropical dry forests, tropical dry shrubland, tropical moist shrubland, and pastureland, from sea-level up to 2400 meters. Until recently it had adjusted to human-modified habitats well, moving into orchards, lawns, suburban areas and other cultivated land.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The black-winged myna feeds on a variety of items, including fruit, nectar and insects. It feeds in small groups and in pairs, both in trees and on the ground. It roosts communally at night in groups, sometimes with other starling species like the Bali myna. It is a seasonal breeder, although the exact timing of the breeding season varies by location. Birds in west Java breed from March to May, but in east Bali the season is around June. They are apparently monogamous, nesting in a twig lined hole amongst rocks or in a tree.
保护状况
The black-winged myna was once an abundant bird, so much so that it was considered a potential rival and threat to the threatened Bali myna. The species has declined, however, for much the same reasons as the Bali myna, principally collection for the caged-bird trade. The black-winged myna is one of the most popular species among collectors; in recent years the number of birds entering the trade has declined as they have become increasingly rare in the wild. It is believed that the population has declined by at least 80% over the last 10 years. The species is also potentially threatened by changes in agricultural processes, and scientists are also concerned about genetic variation being lost as escapees mix the three subspecies. Escapees of this species briefly formed a breeding population in Singapore, but that population is now thought to be extinct. A captive breeding program has been started at Cikananga Wildlife Rescue Center in West Java, and produced 200 chicks by 2012. Twenty-five of these birds were used to supplement the wild population, using nest boxes that local villages had produced. Several reintroductions were planned, one at Antam Pongkor Gold Mine in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park and another Rawadanau Nature Reserve in Banten Province, though the former was setback after the property was transferred to national park authorities, who immediately relaxed trapping prevention, resulting in the decline from forty individuals to eight.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
其他鸟类
Dark-sided Flycatcher
Muscicapa sibirica
Small brown flycatcher with dark smudging on the breast and sides that lend it a “vested” appearance. Tends to prefer higher-elevation forests for breeding than Asian Brown and Gray-streaked Flycatchers but uses a variety of open forests and gardens on migration and in winter. The generally darker appearance of this species when compared to Asian Brown makes the eyering more striking.
White-browed Coucal
Centropus superciliosus
A large, robust, ungainly cuckoo with rufous wings and a long, broad tail. Shows a solid dark cap and back of the head, and white underparts. Unlike other coucals, shows an obviously barred rump and upper tail coverts. It often moves clumsily, preferring to clamber about in rank vegetation or walk on the ground foraging for insects or small vertebrates. Its flight is labored and heavy. This species uses a wide variety of habitats with a thick understory, including savanna, woodland, forest edge, and wetlands. The song is a deep descending bubbling series, “bu-bu-bu bu bu bu bu”, that falls and then rises in pitch.
Greater Hoopoe-Lark
Alaemon alaudipes
A unique, large desert lark. On the ground, plumage is unimpressive with spotted breast and overall sandy tones, but in flight a magnificent white-and-black pattern is exposed. Males are slightly brighter-patterned than females. Bill is long and downcurved. Constantly runs on its long legs. Breeds on sandy and stony plains and low hills. Resident or nomadic. Song is a beautiful ascending series on flutey whistles followed by a descending trill; often given in a dramatic vertical display flight.
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