Humboldt's Sapphire
Chrysuronia humboldtii
Fairly small hummingbird with limited range near the coast from extreme southeast Panama to northwest Ecuador. Males are distinctive: mostly green with a bluish crown and throat, white undertail coverts, and a white stripe up the belly. Note bright red bill with a black tip. Females have dingy whitish underparts with some green spotting on the neck and flanks; look for reddish bill base. Occurs in scrubby second growth and mangroves in coastal lowlands, most often seen around a flowering tree or shrub.
识别特征
Humboldt's sapphire is 9 to 12.5 cm (3.5 to 4.9 in) long. Males weigh 6.3 to 6.6 g (0.22 to 0.23 oz) and females 5.8 to 6.4 g (0.20 to 0.23 oz). Males have a straightish coral red bill with a black tip. Females' bills have a black maxilla with red at its base and a mostly pinkish mandible with a black tip. Adult males have a deep blue forehead and center of the throat. Their crown is dull dark blue-green and the rest of their upperparts metallic green to bronze-green. Their tail is dark metallic green to blue with dusky gray tips on the outer feathers. Their chest, sides of the neck, and cheeks are blue-green to green, their sides green, and the center of their belly and their undertail coverts white. Adult females have a blue crown and metallic green to bronze-green upperparts and tail; their outer tail feathers have dusky gray tips. Their underparts are mostly white with bright green flecks on the sides of the throat and breast. Juvenile males have much white below, with a bronze-flecked breast, and their crown and face are dull dark bluish green.
分类信息
Humboldt's sapphire was formerly placed in the genera Hylocharis and Amazilia. It was moved by most taxonomic systems to Chrysuronia based on the results of a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014. However, BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) retains it in Amazilia. At one time the species was treated as a subspecies of the blue-headed hummingbird (C. grayi).<p>Humboldt's sapphire is monotypic.
- 学名
- Chrysuronia humboldtii
- 命名信息
- (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1852)
- 目
- Apodiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Chrysuronia
分布与栖息地
Humboldt's sapphire is found in a narrow Pacific coastal band from extreme southeastern Panama through western Colombia into northwestern Ecuador's Esmeraldas Province. It inhabits mangroves and adjacent wet secondary forest, mostly below 50 m (160 ft) of elevation. It is most common in stands of Pacific (or tea) mangrove (Pelliciera rhizophorae).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Migration pattern: Resident species.
保护状况
Population trend: declining.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
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Oenanthe hispanica
A small, slim wheatear. Males striking: black wings contrast with a yellowish back and crown and a black mask through the eye. Throat can be white or black. Females have a more muted version of the male’s overall pattern. The tail has a complicated black-and-white pattern that is conspicuous in flight. Found in open habitats with scattered trees, including savanna, rocky mountain slopes, and barren pastures. Very similar to Eastern Black-eared Wheatear, but usually distinguished by more extensive and warmer yellow wash on the head, back, and breast. Also similar to Pied Wheatear, but male’s black face patch is not connected to the black wing, and female is warmer and browner than the grayish female Pied. Call is a dry, hoarse “chercher.” Song is a short jumble of primarily descending trills and harsher notes.
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