Shining-green Hummingbird
Chrysuronia goudoti
This well-named hummingbird is entirely glittering green with blue highlights on the crown and belly. The tail is rather long and noticeably notched. The bill is slightly decurved and most of the lower mandible is dull reddish. Females are more speckled below than males. Found in open woodlands or scrubby habitats, where they often feed from flowers in the canopy.
识别特征
The shining-green hummingbird is 9 to 9.5 cm (3.5 to 3.7 in) long. Males weigh about 4.1 g (0.14 oz) and females about 3.7 g (0.13 oz). Both sexes of all subspecies have a straightish bill with a black maxilla and a mostly pink mandible. Adult males of the nominate subspecies C. g. goudoti have green upperparts. Their underparts are mostly shining bluish green with a whitish belly and green undertail coverts with white edges. Their tail is forked; its central feathers are bronze-black and the outer ones blue-black. Adult females' upperparts are like the male's. Their underparts' feathers have white bases and edges that give the lower breast a spotty look. Their belly is almost pure white and their undertail coverts white with some green. Their tail is less deeply forked than the male's and more bronzy or greenish than black. Juveniles are duller green above than adults and have dusky edges on the crown and nape feathers. They are mostly dull bronzy green with grayish-white feather edges below and have a grayish white belly.<p>Males of subspecies C. g. luminosa are more bronzy above and golden-green below than the nominate. Females have less white on their belly and undertail coverts. C. g. zuliae is smaller than the nominate. It has a darker crown, less bronzy upperparts, and less white on the undertail coverts. C. g. phaeochroa males compared to the nominate are darker above, more bluish green below, and have a bluer crown.
分类信息
The shining-green hummingbird was formerly placed in the genus Lepidopyga. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that Lepidopyga was polyphyletic. In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, the shining-green hummingbird was moved by most taxonomic systems to Chrysuronia. However, BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) retains it in Amazilia.<p>These four subspecies of shining-green hummingbird are recognized:<p>Subspecies C. g. luminosa has at times been treated as a separate species.
- 学名
- Chrysuronia goudoti
- 命名信息
- (Bourcier, 1843)
- 目
- Apodiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Chrysuronia
分布与栖息地
The subspecies of shining-green hummingbird are found thus:<p>The shining-green hummingbird inhabits open landscapes such as brushy areas with scattered trees, arid to moist scrublands, the edges of gallery forest, coffee plantations, and gardens. In Colombia it ranges mostly from sea level to 1,000 m (3,300 ft) but is found as high as 1,600 m (5,200 ft). In Venezuela it occurs from sea level up to 800 m (2,600 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The shining-green hummingbird is mostly sedentary but some seasonal elevational dispersal is suspected.<p>The shining-green hummingbird forages for nectar at a wide variety of flowering plants. A study in Cesar, Colombia, documented 22 species of at least nine families. It sometimes gathers at flowering trees in "noisy, quarrelsome assemblages". In addition to nectar it feeds on arthropods captured by hawking from a perch and by gleaning from the crowns of trees.<p>The shining-green hummingbird's breeding season spans from October to March. Its nest is a small cup of plant down and cobweb with lichens on the outside. It is typically placed on an outer branch of a tree or shrub between 1 and 1.5 m (3 and 5 ft) above the ground. Nothing else is known about the species' breeding phenology.<p>What is thought to be the shining-green hummingbird's song is "a short, thin ‘lisping’ rattle initiated with an upslurred note...rapidly repeated 10–12 times, 'pee-rrrr..pee-rrrr..peer-rrrr..'." Its calls include "chips and a high-pitched descending trill."
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- rising
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Barn Swallow
Hirundo rustica
A fairly large, colorful swallow. Usually easy to identify with its long, forked tail and dark rump. Iridescent navy-blue above with a rich orange throat and forehead. Underparts vary across range, from bright buffy-orange to whitish. Occurs in any open habitat, especially large fields and wetlands. Often seen foraging in flocks, sometimes mixed with other species of swallow. Typically nests close to human habitation; builds a muddy cup nest in a barn or under a dock. Listen for dry, scratchy “svit svit” calls. Note head and breast pattern and tail length to help separate from various similar species in Africa, Asia, and Australia (e.g., Welcome Swallow, Angolan Swallow, Pacific Swallow).
Stuhlmann's Starling
Poeoptera stuhlmanni
Small, slim dark starling. The eyes are brown, and females show large chestnut patches in the wings in flight. Found in the canopy of montane forest, usually in small flocks; often perches out conspicuously on dead snags and other open perches. Vocalizations include simple whistles and squeaky, peevish-sounding notes. Similar to Waller’s Starling, but smaller and slimmer, with brown rather than red eyes, and only females have reddish wing patches.
Streaked Rosefinch
Carpodacus rubicilloides
Large, bulky rosefinch. Male is pinkish-red below with a streaked brown back. Female is streaky dust-brown all over. Both sexes are very similar to Great Rosefinch; look out for dark streaking on the back in both, as well as smaller white, more solid-looking white spots on the underparts of the male. Breeds in dry open expanses with sparse scrubby vegetation at around 3700-5200 meters. Winters in similar habitat, sometimes descending to lower elevations. Song consists of somewhat hoarse whistled notes. Gives a sparrow-like “chweep” and a shorter “chep.”
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