Hartlaub's Spurfowl
Pternistis hartlaubi
Small francolin with an unusually long and downcurved bill. The male and female are very different: the male has a white eye-stripe and heavy streaking below, while the female has plain rufous underparts. Found on and around rock outcrops in semi-desert brushland and arid savanna. Usually in pairs and small groups. Main call is a very loud, repeated, up-and-down “cheetle-chiddle” duet. Distinguished from other francolins in its range by lack of red bill and/or facial skin.
识别特征
Hartlaub's Spurfowl is the smallest African spurfowl and is highly sexually dimorphic both in plumage and in size. The male is on averages 28 cm (11 in) in length and weighs 245–290 g (8.6–10.2 oz); the smaller female is around 25 cm (9.8 in) in length and weighs 210–240 g (7.4–8.5 oz). The male has a dark brownish forehead, a prominent white eyestripe and rufous ear coverts. The upperparts are brown-grey with darker bars and streaks. The underparts are pale grey with extensive dark streaks. The upper mandible is brownish and the lower mandible is yellow. The legs are yellow with flattened spurs. The female has upperparts that are similar to those of the male. The underparts, head, neck are a dull rufous without the brown streaking. Both sexes have disproportionately large bills. The juvenile male is similar to the adult male but has finer streaking on the upperparts. The young female is similar to an adult.
分类信息
Hartlaub's spurfowl was described in 1869 by the Portuguese naturalist José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage from a specimen collected in Huíla Province, Angola. He coined the binomial name Francolinus hartlaubi. The species is now placed in the genus Pternistis that was introduced by the German naturalist Johann Georg Wagler in 1832. The specific epithet hartlaubi was chosen to honour the German physician and ornithologist Gustav Hartlaub. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2019 found that Hartlaub's spurfowl was basal to the other species in the genus. Hartlaub's spurfowl is considered as monotypic: the subspecies ovambensis, bradfieldi and crypticus have been described but are not recognised.
- 学名
- Pternistis hartlaubi
- 命名信息
- (Barboza du Bocage, 1869)
- 目
- Galliformes
- 科
- Phasianidae
- 属
- Pternistis
分布与栖息地
Hartlaub's spurfowl is endemic to southwest Africa, occurring only in northcentral to northwestern Namibia and a small area of southwestern Angola.<p>Hartlaub's spurfowl is an inhabitant of medium-altitude arid and semiarid regions from 800–1,600 m (2,600–5,200 ft). Throughout its range, its preferred habitat consists of higher ground, mostly on rocky granite and sandstone outcrops (koppies to locals), surrounded by semidesert steppe. Invariably, relatively dense grass and shrubbery are associated with these outcrops.<p>The red-billed spurfowl (Pternistis adspersus) and the Orange River francolin (Scleroptila gutturalis) occur alongside this species, but they occupy different habitats. Red-billed spurfowls prefer bush along watercourses and Orange River francolins can be found on the slopes leading up to the rocky outcrops occupied by Hartlaub's spurfowl.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Migration pattern: Resident species.
保护状况
Population trend: stable.
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
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Cinclus pallasii
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