Little Spiderhunter
Arachnothera longirostra
Active little bird with a long, slightly decurved bill. Olive back, lemon-yellow underparts, and faint gray-and-white facial pattern. Active in the lower levels of secondary forest, forest edge, plantations, and gardens. Despite its name, also eats insects and nectar from flowers. Gives a wide range of buzzy nasal-sounding calls.
识别特征
The distinctive long beak set it apart from other sunbirds. The sexes are similar, except that the female has a paler base on the lower mandible. Male has all black beak. They are found near their favourite nectar bearing trees, often species of wild Musaceae or flowers in gardens. They have a buzzy zick-zick call that is made regularly when disturbed or when foraging. Additionally, the song is series of rapid chipping notes and these can go on for long periods.
分类信息
The genus name Arachnothera means "spider hunter" and the species epithet refers to the long beak. About thirteen geographic races are recognized. The nominate race longirostra (Latham, 1790) is found in southwestern India, central and northeastern India, foothills of the Himalayas and into Thailand and Yunnan. Race sordida La Touche, 1921 is found in southern China and northeastern Thailand. Race pallida Delacour, 1932 is found in eastern Thailand and C & S Indochina. Two species from the Philippines, the orange-tufted and the pale spiderhunter were formerly considered subspecies. Several other island forms are noted:
- 学名
- Arachnothera longirostra
- 命名信息
- (Latham, 1790)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Nectariniidae
- 属
- Arachnothera
分布与栖息地
The species is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. Within India, there are disjunct populations in the Eastern Ghats from Lamasinghi, Visakhapatnam and parts of Orissa) and the Western Ghats apart from the main distribution in north-east India that extends into Southeast Asia. A record from the Nicobar Islands is considered doubtful.<p>Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical mangrove forests, and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is usually found below the canopy. They are also found in gardens, attracted especially by flowers that yield nectar.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
They have been noted as good pollinators of wild banana species and several species of the ginger family and often visit Loranthus sp. (= Dendrophthoe sp.), Bombax malabaricum and Erythrina indica for nectar. They are often seen in plantations in forest areas. Although they are more often seen in secondary forests or in clearings and appear to be tolerant of human activities, they have become extinct in some forest fragments. In Singapore they have gone locally extinct within the botanical garden.<p>The breeding season in northeastern India is March to September but mainly May to August. In southern India it breeds from December to August. Two eggs are the usual clutch. The nest is a compact cup attached under a leaf of banana or similar broad leaved plant. The nest is suspended from the underside of the leaf using 150 or so "pop-rivets" of cobwebs and vegetable fibre, a unique method of using spider silk for animal architecture. <p>It is suspected that Hodgson's hawk-cuckoo and violet cuckoo are brood parasites on this species in India. <p>A species of haemosporidian, Leucocytozoon, has been noted in specimens from Malaysia.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Cuban Vireo
Vireo gundlachii
A small, slow-moving species that favors thickets and brush along forest edges and in scrublands. Typically found in pairs; sometimes joins mixed-species flocks with warblers and other vireos. Cuban Vireos have a “bulging eye” appearance created by the white crescent behind the eye and the dull yellowish spot in front of its eye. Also note its hefty bill, weak wingbars, and dull red eye. The similar Thick-billed Vireo has strong wingbars, a yellow spot in front of the eye, and darker eyes. The song is “chweee-ch-byuuu,” with the first note upslurred and last note downslurred. Its calls include a harsh “zzzhhh.”
Black-eared Shrike-Babbler
Pteruthius melanotis
Colorful small bird with a cartoonish large-eyed appearance. Luminous yellow underparts, yellow-green upperparts, and dark rust-colored throat are present in both sexes, but female is slightly paler and not as strongly marked as the male. Overall can be very similar to Clicking and Trilling Shrike-Babblers, but lacks any reddish coloration on the forehead, has a more extensive silvery brow and nape, and is darker overall. Inhabits foothill and montane forests, where it joins mixed-species foraging flocks. Song is high-pitched, rapid, and repetitive: “tweeweeweeweeweeweewee.”
White-naped Tit
Machlolophus nuchalis
The only strongly patterned, black-and-white tit in its range. The upperparts from forehead to tail are glossy black, with a prominent white patch on the lower nape and upper mantle. The cheeks and the rest of the underparts are white, with a wide black central band running from throat to vent. The wings have a large white patch with a few black bars. Female and juvenile retain the same basic pattern, with duller black and dingier white. A habitat specialist found only in dry thorny forests. Seen in pairs or small family groups; quite vocal, commonly gives a 2- to 5-noted high-pitched “psi-psi-psi” ending in a harsh churrr.
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