Hooded Crane
Grus monacha
A small, somber-colored crane of expansive agricultural fields and wetlands. Rare outside of its main wintering grounds in southern Japan, western Korea, and eastern China, where it gathers in small family units as well as massive flocks. Adults have dark gray bodies, a white head and neck, and a dark red forehead. Juveniles are similar but have a brown-tinged head and neck and a dark smudge on the forehead instead of a red patch.
识别特征
It has a grey body. The top of the neck and head is white, except for a patch of bare red skin above the eye. It is one of the smallest cranes, but is still a fairly large bird, at 1 m (3.3 ft) long, a weight of 3.7 kg (8.2 lb) and a wingspan of 1.87 m (6.1 ft).
分类信息
- 学名
- Grus monacha
- 命名信息
- Temminck, 1835
- 目
- Gruiformes
- 科
- Gruidae
- 属
- Grus
分布与栖息地
The hooded crane breeds in south-central and south-eastern Siberia. Breeding is also suspected to occur in Mongolia. Over 80% of its population winters at Izumi, southern Japan. There are also wintering grounds in South Korea and China. There are about 100 hooded cranes wintering in Chongming Dongtan, Shanghai every year. Dongtan Nature Reserve is the largest natural wintering site in the world. In December 2011, a hooded crane was seen overwintering at the Hiwassee Refuge in southeastern Tennessee, well outside its normal range. In February 2012, one was seen at Goose Pond in southern Indiana, and is suspected to be the same bird, which may have migrated to North America by following sandhill cranes (Antigone canadensis). In March 2020, seven hooded cranes (Grus monacha) were seen in Siargao, Philippines where it was recorded as the first encounter of the species, since then, they are frequently migrating in the country, mainly on the wetlands in the southern regions.
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
保护状况
The estimated population of the species is 11,600 individuals. The major threats to its survival are wetland loss and degradation in its wintering grounds in China and South Korea as a result of reclamation for development and dam building. Conservation activities have been taken since 2008. Local universities, NGOs and communities are working together for a better and safer wintering location.<p>The hooded crane is evaluated as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is listed on Appendix I and II of CITES. A society, Grus monacha International Aid (白头鹤的故事), has been formed to find ways to protect the species.
- 种群趋势
- rising
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Nahan's Partridge
Ptilopachus nahani
Unusual francolin that is small and very dark, with a thick tail that is usually cocked up. A good view reveals red legs, red bare skin around the eye, and bright white markings on the breast and neck. Found very locally on the ground in rainforest. Usually in pairs or small groups. The distinctive vocalization is a series of loud “chu-wheet” notes that rises and becomes more emphatic, usually given as a duet by a pair. Similar to Latham’s Francolin, but separated by the partly red bill, red bare facial skin, and red rather than yellow legs. Somewhat similar to Scaly Francolin, but smaller, with red bare facial skin and bright white markings below.
Yellow-throated Longclaw
Macronyx croceus
A large pipit-like bird with golden-yellow underparts and eyebrow, and a circular broad black necklace emphasizing the yellow throat. The upperparts are subdued streaky brown and the outer tail corners are white, which is a key feature in flight. Pairs occupy grassland and grassy savanna, especially close to water, or when it is flooded. The species often perches up to sing a strongly whistled “chuuu-ew” and variations thereof. The smaller Fülleborn's Longclaw differs from Yellow-throated Longclaw by lacking any streaking on the breast below the black necklace.
Oriental Skylark
Alauda gulgula
Chunky brown songbird with a weak crest, typically found on the ground in open fields and meadows. Darker above than below, with fine black streaking on the chest and light chestnut ear coverts with dark border. Very similar to Eurasian Skylark, with which it shares much of its range, but Oriental has buffy, not white, outer tail edges and trailing edge of wing. Breeding males “skylark,” singing a series of variable notes while hovering high above the territory.
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