Robust Woodpecker
Campephilus robustus
Huge woodpecker found in humid forests including Araucaria forests. The head is mostly red with a short crest and strong greenish bill. The wings and tail are black, but in flight, the wings are spotted with cinnamon patches above and below. Note the large buff patch on the back and heavy barring below. Males have white ear spots while females have a prominent white moustache.
识别特征
The robust woodpecker is 32 to 37 cm (13 to 15 in) long and weighs 230 to 294 g (8.1 to 10 oz). Both sexes have whitish upperparts with a pale buff or cinnamon tinge. Their scapulars and the wings' coverts and upper surface are black with small rusty-buff spots on the flight feathers' inner webs. The wings' underside is blackish brown with rufous-buff spots on the flight feathers. Their tail is black . Their underparts are buff to whitish buff with black bars that are narrower on the belly. Adult males have an entirely red head and neck with a small black and white spot on the ear coverts. Adult females do not have the covert spot. They do have a wide whitish strip with black edges that extends from the bill to the ear coverts. The adult's bill is a long horn-colored chisel, their iris white to yellow-white, and their legs dark gray. Juveniles resemble adults but are duller and browner; their upperparts are whiter and their underparts have less contrast.
分类信息
The robust woodpecker was for a time placed in genus Scapaneus that was later merged into genus Phloeoceastes that was itself merged into the current genus Campephilus. The robust woodpecker is monotypic.
- 学名
- Campephilus robustus
- 命名信息
- (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1818)
- 目
- Piciformes
- 科
- Picidae
- 属
- Campephilus
分布与栖息地
The robust woodpecker is found in eastern Brazil from Bahia and Goiás south to Rio Grande do Sul, in eastern Paraguay, and in northeastern Argentina's Misiones and Corrientes provinces. It inhabits intact humid and Araucaria moist forests; it shuns disturbed forest unless large trees remain. In elevation it ranges from sea level to 2,200 m (7,200 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The robust woodpecker is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The robust woodpecker forages at all levels of the forest with some preference for the middle level; it only rarely feeds on the ground. It tends to hunt on tree trunks and the bases of limbs, where it pecks and hammers vigorously and also probes and flakes off bark. It tends to forage singly, in pairs, or in family groups, and only rarely joins mixed species feeding flocks. Its diet is mostly adult and larval beetles but also includes some berries.<p>One robust woodpecker nest was observed during excavation in May; it held young in July. Nothing else is known about the species' breeding biology.<p>One robust woodpecker vocalization is a "psó-ko po-po-po-po-rrat" series. Two calls are "kee" and "kew" that are given both in flight and while perched. Its drum is a double tap "to-plóp" or "thump-ump".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- rising
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Eurasian Kestrel
Falco tinnunculus
Small falcon with distinctive male plumage: gray head, rusty back, gray tail with broad black tip. Female is brownish above, with barring on the back, wings, and tail. Note rather pointed wingtips (unlike rounded wings of Accipiter hawks), and distinct dark spotting on the breast. Inhabits open and lightly wooded country, farmlands, grasslands, and heathlands; often seen over grassy areas beside roads and at airports. Perches on wires and posts, and typically hunts by hovering, at times fairly high overhead. Very similar to Lesser Kestrel.
Green Kingfisher
Chloroceryle americana
Small kingfisher with disproportionately long bill. Dark glossy green above with white throat, collar, and spots on wings. Tail often held cocked up. White outer tail feathers spotted with green conspicuous in flight. Male has rufous breast; female breast white with spotted green double-collar. Found along rivers or ponds. Less conspicuous than some other kingfishers, often perching on overhanging branches close to water's surface. Low flight with quick wingbeats.
Crestless Curassow
Mitu tomentosum
Large, terrestrial bird of flood-prone lowland rainforest; generally shy and difficult to see. Note all-dark appearance and small, red bill. Found in seasonally flooded forest, gallery forest in savanna, and near oxbow lakes. Forages on the ground for fallen fruit; usually alone or in pairs. Roosts in canopy and may flush into trees when disturbed. Told from other curassows in range by chestnut (not white) belly; Black Curassow is larger and has yellow knobs at base of bill. Song is a low humming, often given at night.
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