Pearly Parakeet
Pyrrhura lepida
Long-tailed forest parakeet with a dark crown, a scaled nape and breast, and a blue tinge to the cheeks, breast, and vent. Found in humid forest, at forest edges, and in old second growth, where it is usually encountered flying through the subcanopy in noisy flocks or eating quietly at fruiting trees.
识别特征
The pearly parakeet is 24 to 25 cm (9.4 to 9.8 in) long and weighs 70 to 80 g (2.5 to 2.8 oz). The sexes are the same. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a dark brown crown and buff ear coverts; the rest of their face is dull blue-green with whitish bare skin around the eye. Their upperparts are green with a bluish tinge. Their upper breast and the sides of their neck are brown with buff scaling; the breast has a blue tinge. The rest of their underparts are green with a blue wash. Their wing is mostly green, with black and cobalt blue primaries and red underwing coverts. Their tail's top surface is reddish brown and the lower surface is blackish brown. Their iris is dark brown, their bill brownish black, and their legs slate-black. Immatures are similar to adults. Subspecies P. l. coerulescens has a paler head than the nominate, a grayer throat and upper breast, and a stronger blue tinge in the lower breast. P. l. anerythra has a red tinge instead of blue on the breast and belly and no red on the wing.
分类信息
The pearly parakeet's taxonomic history is potentially confusing. It was formerly known as Pyrrhura perlata, but following a review it was discovered that the type specimen, long believed to belong to this species, actually was a juvenile of the closely related crimson-bellied parakeet. Consequently, P. perlata was transferred to that species, while under the principle of priority the next name in line for the pearly parakeet, P. lepida, became its valid scientific name.<p>Three subspecies of the pearly parakeet are recognized, the nominate P. l. lepida (Wagler, 1832), P. l. anerythra (Neumann, 1927), and P. l. coerulescens (Neumann, 1927). In 2011, a review found that lepida and coerulescens were essentially inseparable by their morphology. If this were confirmed genetically it would usually result in coerulescens being a junior synonym of the older name lepida, but upon closer inspection the type specimen of the latter is a hybrid. This invalidates the name lepida and leaves coerulescens as the valid name for the combined lepida and coerulescens and the species as a whole. Subspecies anerythra may in addition warrant elevation to full species status.
- 学名
- Pyrrhura lepida
- 命名信息
- (Wagler, 1832)
- 目
- Psittaciformes
- 科
- Psittacidae
- 属
- Pyrrhura
分布与栖息地
The pearly parakeet is found only in north-central Brazil. The nominate subspecies is found in northeastern Pará and northwestern Maranhão states. P. l. coerulescens is found in eastern Pará between the Xingu and Tocantins rivers. P. l. anerythra is found in central and northeastern Maranhão, and a few have been recorded in Mato Grosso. The species inhabits the interior and edges of humid terra firme forest, secondary forest, and sometimes clearings near the forest.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The pearly parakeet's movements, if any, have not been determined.<p>The pearly parakeet is known to feed on fruits but further details of its diet are lacking.<p>Nothing is known about the pearly parakeet's breeding biology.<p>The pearly parakeet's calls "possess a rather grating quality, the notes usually given in fast series, e.g. “krree krree krree” or “krek krek krek” " and are given both from a perch and in flight. However, perched birds are often silent. Flocks in flight "call frequently and simultaneously, producing a noisy, harsh and piercing chattering."
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
White-browed Conebill
Conirostrum ferrugineiventre
Tiny bicolored tanager with a sharp, pointed bill. Orangey red below and bluish gray above, with a strong white eyebrow. Sexes similar. Found in scrubby habitats at high elevations, from cloud forest to shrubby grasslands above the treeline; occasionally also in Polylepis forests. Pairs and small groups often join mixed-species flocks with mountain-tanagers and flowerpiercers.
Purple Indigobird
Vidua purpurascens
Nest parasite that lays its eggs in the nests of Jameson’s Firefinch. Breeding males are glossy purplish-black, with a pale brownish panel in the wings, while females and non-breeding males are streaky and brown on the back and pale below, with a bold facial pattern. The bill is whitish and the legs very pale pink. Found in forest edge, cultivation, thick woodland, and scrub. Mimics the vocalizations of its host firefinches: a fast trill. Extremely similar to Variable Indigobird. In South Africa, separated by its pale pinkish legs. Elsewhere, breeding males probably slightly more glossy but only separated with certainty by hearing mimicked vocalizations of host species.
Speckled Pigeon
Columba guinea
Big, dark pigeon with white spots across the shoulder and a big red patch of bare skin around the eye. In flight, shows a gray tail band and rump. Found in many different open habitats, and nests in towns and cities and on cliffs. Only absent from thick forest. Common vocalizations are a “rrrour” call and an accelerating series of hoots. Somewhat similar to Rameron Pigeon, but largely absent from forest, and shows much larger wing spots and red rather than yellow bare facial skin.
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