Russet-crowned Crake
Rufirallus viridis
Fairly small, plump bird with large but disjunct range across much of South America. Dull brown above and rufous below with gray face, rufous crown, red eye, and red legs. Sexes similar. Tends to be quite shy, creeping on the ground in thickets, scrub, wet pastures, and savanna. Found in drier habitats than other rail species. Listen for the trilled song with a clicking or tinkling quality, often stuttering a bit.
识别特征
The russet-crowned crake is 16 to 18 cm (6.3 to 7.1 in) long. Males weigh 55 to 63 g (1.9 to 2.2 oz) and females 69 to 73 g (2.4 to 2.6 oz). The sexes are alike. Adults have a black bill, red legs, gray face, and russet crown. The nominate subspecies has brownish olive upperparts and rufous underparts. Juveniles are light brown with a black face and dull pink legs. Adults of R. v. brunnescens are slightly larger than the nominate and have browner upperparts and a paler head and underparts.
分类信息
The russet-crowned crake's taxonomy is unsettled. The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) place the russet-crowned crake in genus Rufirallus with the chestnut-headed crake (R. castaneiceps). The South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society and the Clements taxonomy place it in genus Anurolimnas with the chestnut-headed crake and black-banded crake (A. fasciatus). The IOC places the latter species in genus Laterallus and HBW places it in genus Porzana.<p>The worldwide taxonomic systems agree that the species has two subspecies, the nominate R.(or A.) v. viridis and R.(or A.) v. brunnescens.
- 学名
- Rufirallus viridis
- 命名信息
- (Müller, PLS, 1776)
- 目
- Gruiformes
- 科
- Rallidae
- 属
- Rufirallus
分布与栖息地
The nominate subspecies of russet-crowned crake is widely distributed from far eastern Colombia and southern Venezuela east through the Guianas into Brazil and south and west into eastern Peru, northern and eastern Bolivia, and eastern Paraguay. A separate population is found in Ecuador's Zamora-Chinchipe Province and another in southeastern Brazil between the states of Alagoas and São Paulo. R. v. brunnescens is found in north-central Colombia from the lower Cauca River valley east into the middle Magdalena River valley.<p>The russet-crowned crake mostly inhabits terrestrial landscapes; in contrast to many other species in its family it is usually not found in marshes. It is found in second-growth sapling thickets, grassy or brushy pastures, overgrown wastelands and roadsides, and gardens at the edges of small communities. In elevation it ranges from sea level to 1,200 m (3,900 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The russet-crowned crake's movements, if any, have not been documented.<p>Almost nothing is known about the russet-crowned crake's foraging behavior or diet. It is known to mostly feed in cover and its diet includes insects and grass seeds.<p>The russet-crowned crake's breeding season spans from January to June. It makes a ball-shaped nest with a side entrance from dead grass. It is typically hidden about 1 m (3 ft) up in a shrub or in other dense vegetation. The clutch size is one to three eggs, but nothing else is known about its breeding biology.<p>The russet-crowned crake is most vocal in early morning and evening. Its call has been described as a "dry rattling like the sound of a seashell wind chime".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- unknown
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Gray-mantled Wren
Odontorchilus branickii
A small, warbler-like wren of Andean cloud forest. Plumage is gray and white with a barred tail and vent, brownish crown, and faint streaking on the head. When seen from below in poor lighting conditions, the barred tail is usually the best feature to look for. Stays high in the canopy and is almost always encountered with mixed-species flocks. Vocalizations are very high-pitched and include gravelly trills and siren-like whistles.
Spotted Scrubwren
Sericornis maculatus
Small scrubwren with white eyebrow and pale iris. Has a dark face with a clear white eyebrow and chin stripe. Primarily olive-brown with a black-and-white shoulder patch and paler front. Chin is white with fine black streaking on breast and upper belly. This species is found in southwestern Australia, across the southern coast, to its eastern-most location along Spencer Gulf just north of Adelaide. Found in a wide range of habitats but typically only present where there is reasonably thick undergrowth. It often makes a grumpy buzzing call but also sings a clear musical song. Formerly considered a subspecies of White-browed Scrubwren.
White-fronted Scops-Owl
Otus sagittatus
Large for a scops-owl. This predominantly light brown species is most readily identified by its bright silvery-gray brow. Like other scops-owls, can be difficult to see; listen for its call, a series of low, rapid, trembling hoots that cuts off quickly. Predominantly found in lowland forest, though also ventures into lower foothills.
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