Creamy-crested Spinetail
Cranioleuca albicapilla
Small, long-tailed bird with a pale head. Light brown, with reddish tail and shoulder patch and pale crown and throat. Found in semi-humid shrubby areas at high elevations, especially along streams, where it forages singly or in pairs low in dense vegetation. Listen for its squeaky song, a choppy, accelerating series of high notes.
识别特征
The creamy-crested spinetail is 16 to 17 cm (6.3 to 6.7 in) long and weighs 18 to 24 g (0.63 to 0.85 oz). It is a large member of genus Cranioleuca and has a distinctive head pattern. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a narrow whitish supercilium and gray-brown lores on an otherwise buffy face with some streaking. Their crown and crest are creamy-white. Their back is olivaceous gray that is browner at the rump. Their wing coverts are dark rufous and their flight feathers dull brown. Their tail is rufous; it is graduated and the feathers have pointed tips. Their throat and belly are pale gray and their breast, flanks, and undertail coverts are darker gray. Their iris is chestnut to gray, their bill gray to pinkish, and their legs and feet olive-yellow to greenish yellow. Juveniles have a pale yellowish forehead and throat, a sooty nape and upper belly, and a strong ochraceous wash on their underparts. Compared to the nominate, subspecies C. a. albigula has a more ochraceous crown, a browner back, a more richly colored rump, and more reddish uppertail coverts. Their throat is white and their underparts have a strong buff wash. The two subspecies intergrade where their ranges meet.
分类信息
The creamy-crested spinetail has two subspecies, the nominate C. a. albicapilla (Cabanis, 1873) and C. a. albigula (Zimmer, JT, 1924).
- 学名
- Cranioleuca albicapilla
- 命名信息
- (Cabanis, 1873)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Cranioleuca
分布与栖息地
Subspecies C. a. albigula of the creamy-crested spinetail is the more northerly of the two. It is found in the Andes of central Peru from the Department of Junín south to Ayacucho and Apurímac departments. The nominate subspecies is found in the Andes of southern Peru in the departments of Cuzco, Ayacucho, and Apurímac. The species inhabits semi-humid and humid montane forest and woodlands. It also occurs in cloudforest and Polylepis woodlands. In elevation it mostly ranges between 2,400 and 3,650 m (7,900 and 12,000 ft) but is found as high as 4,240 m (13,900 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The creamy-crested spinetail is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The creamy-crested spinetail feeds on arthropods; though details are lacking the species' mix of habitats suggests that its diet is highly varied. It typically forages singly or in pairs and often joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It probes for and gleans its prey from bark, vegetation, lichens, and moss while hitching acrobatically along trunks and branches. It tends to feed in the forest's lower levels between about 2 and 8 m (5 and 25 ft) above the ground, and often in dense vine tangles.<p>The creamy-crested spinetail's breeding season has not been determined though fledglings have been observed in May. The species' nest is a globe of moss, twigs, and bark strips with an entrance at the bottom; it is usually hung from the end of a branch. Nothing else is known about the species' breeding biology.<p>The creamy-crested spinetail's song is "a loud, ascending-descending series of semi-musical notes: tch, tch, tleep-chee-chee-cheechee-ee-ee-ee-ee-trrrr" and is often given in duet. Its calls include "a rising tlee'lee", "a loud, semi-whistled dew", and a "rapid series of tleep notes".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Jet Antbird
Cercomacra nigricans
Small slender antbird, found in pairs skulking through low tangles in forest and edges. Male is very dark black with obvious white fringes on shoulder. Female similar to male but gray instead of black and shows white streaks on throat. Could be confused with Dot-winged Antwren, which is less skulky and has larger white spots on wing and tail; also note very different female plumage. Usually heard more often than seen; listen for harsh nasal song emanating from from the undergrowth: “reh-er, reh-er, reh-er.”
Yellow-bellied Elaenia
Elaenia flavogaster
Rather bulky small flycatcher, widespread in tropical lowlands. Fairly common in overgrown brushy clearings, savannas, and other semi-open areas with scattered bushes. Looks like many other small flycatchers, and where multiple species of elaenias occur it is often not possible to identify birds to species. On Yellow-bellied, note its spiky, white-based crest (rarely held flattened), burry drawled call, whitish wingbars, and pale yellow belly; does not flick its wings or tail.
African Pygmy-Goose
Nettapus auritus
Colorful miniature waterfowl that is smaller than most ducks. Both sexes have rufous underparts, a dark back, white on the face, and white on the wing in flight. Males have a green patch on the back of the head and a yellow bill; females have a black-and-white head and a dark bill. Found in freshwater wetlands with floating vegetation, especially water lilies. Shy and inconspicuous, as it generally avoids open water. Voice is a high-pitched squeaking. Small size and bold and colorful plumage separate it from other waterfowl.
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