Stejneger's Scoter
Melanitta stejnegeri
Large scoter with distinctive white patch on wing. Males are black and have small white mark under eye, dark knob on the bill, and red-and-orange bill tip. Females are dark chocolate-brown and have two rounded white patches on face. Extremely similar to White-winged Scoter: note male’s much more angular head structure with steeper and more prominent protuberance and different bill coloration. Female is much more difficult to identify, but has more swollen-looking protuberance. Breeds in Russian tundra and taiga pools and lakes, winters on the coast; only very occasionally reported inland in the winter.
识别特征
There are a number of differing characteristics of Stejneger's scoter and the white-winged scoter. Males of the white-winged scoter have browner flanks, dark yellow coloration of most of the bill and a less tall bill knob, approaching the velvet scoter. The male Stejneger's scoter has a very tall knob at the base of its mostly orange-yellow bill. The males of both species are very similar and best distinguished by head shape; White-winged scoters tend to have "two-stepped" profile between the bill and the head, compared to the long "Roman nose" profile of Stejneger's scoter similar to that of a common eider. Additionally, the feathering along the base of the upper mandible forms a right angle on the white-winged scoter, compared to the acute angle on the Stejneger's scoter.
分类信息
Stejneger's scoter was described by the American ornithologist Robert Ridgway in 1887 and given the binomial name Oidemia stejnegeri. The specific name was chosen to honour the Norwegian born ornithologist Leonhard Stejneger.<p>It was formerly considered to be conspecific with the white-winged scoter. It was suggested to be a full species, according to a new study.
- 学名
- Melanitta stejnegeri
- 命名信息
- (Ridgway, 1887)
- 目
- Anseriformes
- 科
- Anatidae
- 属
- Melanitta
分布与栖息地
Stejneger's scoter breeds over the far north of Asia east of the Yenisey Basin. It winters further south in temperate zones, in Asia as far south as China. It forms large flocks on suitable coastal waters. These are tightly packed, and the birds tend to take off together.<p>Though previously considered rare in North America, Stejneger's scoter may be a regular visitor and possible breeder in Western Alaska, with sightings in Nome, Saint Paul Island and Gambell. A Stejneger's Scoter was seen in Helena Valley, Montana between April and May 2015, the only confirmed North American occurrence of the species south of Alaska. A scoter seen in Monterey Bay, California on January 15, 2014, appeared to have characteristics consistent with Stejneger's scoter but the record was not accepted by the committee due to the poor quality of images. Stejneger’s scoter is also a rare vagrant to Europe and has been recorded from France, Finland, Poland, Iceland, Ireland, Norway and Scotland.
- 繁殖区
- PAL : Yenisey Basin to Kamchatka (c, e Siberia), ne Kazakhstan and n, w Mongolia
- 非繁殖区
- to Kuril and Commander Is. (se Russia), coasts of Japan and e Korean Pen. (ne Pacific)
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
In freshwater, this species primarily feeds on crustaceans and insects; while in saltwater areas, it feeds on molluscs and crustaceans.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
其他鸟类
Yellow-spectacled Heleia
Heleia wallacei
A small green songbird with a bright yellow head and a distinctive orange forehead smudge. Gray belly separates yellow throat and yellow base to undertail. Adults dark-eyed, juveniles pale-eyed. Pairs and groups inhabit dry, open areas in the lowlands and lower hills, such as savanna, scrub, forest patches, and thickets, avoiding dense forests. Restricted to the Lesser Sundas. Separated from Lemon-bellied, Ashy-bellied, and Warbling White-eyes by lack of a white eye-ring and presence of an orange forehead patch. Song is a descending stuttering warble. Also gives jarring churrs and twittering notes.
Gray-headed Batis
Batis orientalis
A typical black, white, and gray batis. Note the chest band, which is black in males and chestnut in females. Found in dry savanna and thornscrub, often in pairs. Very similar to Western Black-headed Batis, and best distinguished by voice, but usually shows a paler gray crown. Also similar to Pygmy Batis, but larger, and the white eyebrow extends well behind the eye. The distinctive song is a descending series of several whistled notes.
Pavonine Quetzal
Pharomachrus pavoninus
Stocky green-and-red quetzal of lowland rainforest. Perches in the mid story of mature rainforest, where most common in upland (terra firme) areas and areas around water. Compared to trogons, is larger and chunkier, with a red bill and without a prominent eye ring. The green uppertail coverts are long, extending down the back side of the tail to just past the tail tip. Listen for its song, a repeated two note series of a breathy whistle followed by a soft note, “wheeew … tuck … wheeew … tuck …”.
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