White-shouldered Fairywren
Malurus alboscapulatus
The common and widespread fairywren of grasslands. A small bird with a long tail that it often cocks. Male is all black with a white shoulder patch. Females vary geographically, brown in some areas and black in others, but always have white throat, chest and a broken white eye-ring. The male Pied Bushchat has a similar color scheme but White-shouldered Fairywren has a much longer tail that it cocks. Song, a constantly repeated, high-pitched, jumbled phrase. Call a dry rattle.
识别特征
The adult male is all shiny black except for their white shoulders (scapulars), but unlike the better-known Australian fairywrens there is no eclipse male plumage. The tail is shorter than that of other fairywrens. The bill is black, and the feet and eyes are black or dark brown. The females of M. a. alboscapulatus and M. a. naimii bear a pied plumage, with black upperparts contrasting with white shoulders and underparts.
分类信息
The white-shouldered fairywren was first described by the German naturalist Adolf Bernhard Meyer in 1874. It is one of eleven species in the genus Malurus and is most closely related to a pair of Australian species, the red-backed and white-winged fairywrens, with which it makes up a phylogenetic clade. These three species were termed the bicoloured wrens by ornithologist Richard Schodde, and are notable for their lack of head patterns and ear tufts, and their uniform black or blue plumage with contrasting shoulder or wing colour. They replace each other geographically across northern Australia and New Guinea.<p>Its species name is derived from the Latin words albus "white" and scapulae "shoulder-blades". Alternative names for the white-shouldered fairywren include the black-and-white fairywren, black-and-white wren, black-and-white wren-warbler and white-shouldered wren.<p>Six geographically isolated subspecies are currently recognized. They are differentiated by the differences in female plumage as the males of all six are indistinguishable.
- 学名
- Malurus alboscapulatus
- 命名信息
- Meyer, AB, 1874
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Maluridae
- 属
- Malurus
分布与栖息地
The preferred habitats of the white-shouldered fairywren are lowland cleared areas; grassland, village gardens, and cane-grass.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
其他鸟类
Jerdon's Bushlark
Plocealauda affinis
A chunky brown bird with a short tail and a big, heavy bill. It has strong streaking above and arrow-like spots on the breast. The facial pattern is messy, with dark cheeks and no distinct eyebrow. Juveniles are often paler overall. Similar to Indian and Singing Bushlarks, but Jerdon’s has stronger streaking, looks rounder, and has a shorter tail than either of the others. Similar in proportions to Bengal Bushlark, but Jerdon’s Bushlark is paler, with browner wings. It inhabits open scrub and often perches on trees and wires. The song consists of high-pitched whistles, buzzy trills, and rattles.
African Black-headed Oriole
Oriolus larvatus
A spectacular mostly golden-yellow bird with a black head and a pink-orange bill. Singles or pairs may join mixed-species flocks in coastal and riverine forest, forest edge, and moist broadleaf woodland. They tend to remain in the canopy foraging for insects, fruit, and nectar. The species often draws attention to itself with a musical, liquid “wholeuooo” call. Several other African orioles are very similar and are best told apart by range and habitat.
Coal Tit
Periparus ater
Small, active tit. Combination of large black bib, white wingbars, and broad white stripe on nape distinctive. Dazzling geographic variation: Himalayan and Chinese birds have a small, spiffy crest; north African birds have stained yellow cheeks; European and Siberian birds dullest overall, crestless and with buffy flanks. Inhabits coniferous and mixed woodland, forest, parks, and gardens; visits bird feeders. Associated with foothills and montane areas throughout much of its eastern range. Often joins mixed-species flocks in autumn and winter, moving quickly through the foliage and giving high-pitched calls. Up-and-down song varies across range. Compare with slightly larger and chunkier Marsh Tit and Willow Tit, which have bigger white cheek patches, drabber overall plumage, and different voices.
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