Green-tailed Goldenthroat
Polytmus theresiae
Medium-sized hummingbird of semi-open areas. Note entirely green plumage (including tail) and plain face with white spot behind eye. May be found in coastal savannas, savanna enclaves at lower elevations in the tepui region, and patches of dry scrub on rock formations in rainforest. Perches on low shrubs, often near temporary pools, preening and chasing other hummingbirds. Similar to Glittering-throated Emerald but lacks any white below and shows less contrast between face and throat. Frequently produced song is an excited, accelerating series of notes.
识别特征
The green-tailed goldenthroat is 8.9 to 9.9 cm (3.5 to 3.9 in) long and weighs 3.0 to 3.9 g (0.11 to 0.14 oz). Both sexes of both subspecies have a long slightly decurved pinkish and black bill. The male of the nominate subspecies is overall shining green. The tail is rounded and green, with all but the central pair of feathers having white at their base. The area around the eye is dusky gray with a white spot behind the eye. The female is smaller. Its throat and breast are whitish thickly spotted with green, and the outermost tail feathers have white tips. Juveniles are like the adult female but with buffy edges to the head's feathers. P. t. leucorrhous is essentially the same as the nominate but for having a white vent area and undertail coverts.
分类信息
The green-tailed goldenthroat was at one time placed in the monotypic genus Psilomycter, then in Smaragdites which had priority; the latter was later merged into Polytmus. The green-tailed goldenthroat has two subspecies, the nominate P. t. theresiae and P. t. leucorrhous.
- 学名
- Polytmus theresiae
- 命名信息
- (Da Silva Maia, 1843)
- 目
- Apodiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Polytmus
分布与栖息地
The nominate subspecies of green-tailed goldenthroat is found in the Guianas and north-central Brazil from the lower Negro and Madeira rivers east into the states of Pará and Amapá. P. t. leucorrhous is found from eastern Colombia and southern Venezuela into the upper Negro River area of Brazil, and separately in eastern Peru and northern Bolivia. In addition, the South American Classification Committee (SACC) of the American Ornithological Society lists it as hypothetical in Ecuador. The species inhabits the edges of sand-soil forest and sandy savanna with scattered small trees and stands of bushes. In elevation it generally ranges between 100 and 300 m (330 and 980 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The green-tailed goldenthroat is essentially sedentary. However, some January and February movement into coastal mangroves has been noted in Suriname.<p>The green-tailed goldenthroat is primarily a "trap-line" feeder, visiting a circuit of a flowering plants, mostly Melastomataceae, for nectar. The male will sometimes defend a feeding territory. Both sexes also catch arthropods on the wing and by gleaning from leaves.<p>The green-tailed goldenthroat's breeding seasons vary across its range, from March, April, and August to October in the Guianas, October and November in Venezuela, and November to March in Brazil. The female alone builds the nest, incubates the eggs, and cares for the young. The nest is a cup of fine plant fibers and spider silk built in a fork of a low shrub. The clutch size is two eggs. The incubation time is 14 days with fledging 20 to sometimes as long as 28 days after hatch.<p>The green-tailed goldenthroat's song is "a repeated, long whinnying series of 20–25 notes, first rising then slightly falling, and fading at the end, typically with a single introductory note". The isolated Peruvian population has a similar but faster song with trills. The species also makes "single 'tsit' notes."
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- unknown
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Barred Buttonquail
Turnix suscitator
Tiny rotund, short-tailed bird, scarcely larger than a sparrow; like a diminutive partridge or quail but only distantly related. Brown with scaly streaking above, extensive black barring on the chest (more extensive on the female), and rich tawny flanks. Extremely difficult to detect, moving about invisibly in dense weedy vegetation in fields, forest edges, and farmland. Flying birds have whirring flight, show contrast between dark flight feathers and paler coverts. Courting females give sonorous, booming calls from dense vegetation.
Melanesian Kingfisher
Todiramphus tristrami
A Collared-type kingfisher found on a broad band of islands northeast of New Guinea, ranging from the Bismarck Archipelago east to Guadalcanal in the Solomons. Varies across range; note blue-green upperparts, pale collar, slender dark mask, and bicolored bill. Compare with Sacred Kingfisher; Melanesian averages darker and bluer above. Inhabits a range of island habitats, often in coastal regions but also well inland, especially in areas without other kingfishers. Listen for loud, harsh, far-carrying calls.
Variable Shrikethrush
Colluricincla fortis
A chunky bird with a thick bill. Quite plain: brownish on the back, grayish on the head, and paler below, with indistinct breast streaking. Color of the underparts varies geographically from dull rufous to whitish-buff. Found at low and middle elevations in humid forest, including secondary forest. Rich, melodious, variable song consists of several penetrating whistles, generally in an up-and-down pattern. Calls include “chek” notes. Somewhat similar to Rusty Pitohui, but smaller, with a dark rather than pale eye. Also similar to Gray Shrikethrush, but smaller, shorter-tailed, and browner, with a darker face. Could be confused with female Black Shrikethrush, but always smaller and paler.
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