Plain Parakeet
Brotogeris tirica
Small and uniformly green parakeet with a long pointed tail and a pinkish bill and feet. In flight, the blue outer wing feathers and tail tips are visible. Usually seen in noisy groups foraging in a variety of habitats including the canopy and edge of humid forests, plantations, and agricultural landscapes. Common in and around cities.
识别特征
The plain parakeet is 23 to 25 cm (9.1 to 9.8 in) long and weighs about 63 g (2.2 oz). Adults have an essentially all green body, though their nape has a bluish tinge and their undersides have a yellowish one. Their shoulder is bronzy or brownish green and their flight feathers and the underside of their tail are bluish green. Their bill is pinkish with a paler base. Immature birds are similar to adults but with less blue in the wings and a shorter tail. The population in São Paulo state has many individuals with a blue mutation.
分类信息
The plain parakeet was formally described in 1788 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with all the other parrots in the genus Psittacus and coined the binomial name Psittacus tirica. The type locality was subsequently designated as Brazil. The plain parakeet is now placed with seven other parakeets in genus Brotogeris that was introduced in 1825 by Irish zoologist Nicholas Aylward Vigors. The genus name is from the Ancient Greek brotogērus meaning "with human voice". The specific epithet tirica is from the Tupi language tiriba meaning "tinkling". The word was used for a parakeet. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognized.
- 学名
- Brotogeris tirica
- 命名信息
- (Gmelin, JF, 1788)
- 目
- Psittaciformes
- 科
- Psittacidae
- 属
- Brotogeris
分布与栖息地
The plain parakeet is found in eastern Brazil from Alagoas south to Santa Catarina with an isolated population in Rio Grande do Sul. It inhabits the Atlantic Forest biome, where it occurs in secondary forest, cultivated land with groves of trees, plantations, and urban parks. It is common in cities "including the huge metropolises of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo". Towards the higher elevations inland it also is found in the edges and canopy of montane rainforest. In elevation it is mostly in the lowlands but can be found as high as 1,200 m (3,900 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The plain parakeet makes some local seasonal movements, but they are not fully defined.<p>A plain parakeet feeds mainly on seeds, fruit, flowers, and nectar from a very wide variety of plants and trees. It also takes some adult and larval insects.<p>The plain parakeet's breeding season is believed to be from September to December but possibly begins earlier and ends later. It nests in cavities in trees. In captivity the clutch size is four eggs, the incubation period about 26 days, and fledging at seven weeks after hatch.<p>The plain parakeet's calls include "a rather high-pitched shrill “cree” or bisyllabic “cra-creep”, and a lower-pitched, harsh-sounding “cra-cra-cra”" that are given both from a perch and in flight. Members of a flock often call simultaneously.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Ornate Fruit-Dove
Ptilinopus ornatus
A fruit dove primarily of foothill forest but wanders to lowland and montane forest. Two very different races. Dark red-capped race from the Bird’s Head of New Guinea, and yellow-green capped further east. Note the white band from the bill around the back of the neck and clay-colored chest. Similar to Pink-spotted Dove, but Ornate Fruit-Dove has a dark red wedge on the shoulder and yellow tip to the tail. Voice a slow but accelerating series of rising “woop” notes, similar to that of Pink-spotted but not as fast.
Green-naped Tanager
Tangara fucosa
This small tanager has a very limited range near the border of Panama and Colombia. Note the mostly black head with pale greenish spots on the cheek and nape, extensive dark spotting on breast and flanks, rich buffy belly, black back, and blue edges on wing feathers. Uncommon in montane forest and edges from around 600 to 1,350 m, where pairs or small groups often forage with mixed-species flocks in the middle to upper levels. Green-naped was recently split from Spangle-cheeked Tanager, which is found in western Panama and Costa Rica, and looks very similar but does not overlap in range.
Eurasian Siskin
Spinus spinus
Small yellowish finch with prominent wingbars. Male is attractive and distinctive, with a yellow face and breast offset by a black cap and small chin patch. Female streaky overall, often with yellowish tones; note especially the yellow wing and tail flashes of both sexes. Inhabits mixed and coniferous woodland and forest; also found in parks and gardens, and visits seed feeders. Often in flocks, mainly in the autumn and winter, gathering at good food sources. Listen for twittering, buzzing vocalizations, including nasal, rising “tuohweee” and dry chittering.
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