Red-billed Emerald
Chlorostilbon gibsoni
Small hummingbird with fairly limited range in Colombia and western Venezuela. Male is entirely emerald green with a mostly red lower mandible, although red color can be difficult to see. Females look different; pale grayish-white below with a white line behind eye, much like female Blue-tailed Emerald. Both sexes have a very dark tail. Look for singles feeding on flowers in dry woodlands and shrubby areas.
识别特征
The red-billed emerald is 7.6 to 9 cm (3.0 to 3.5 in) long and weighs about 2.8 g (0.099 oz). The males of all three subspecies have a straight bill with a mostly red mandible. The females' mandibles are red at the base. The bills are about 1.3 cm (0.51 in) long. Males of the nominate subspecies have dark bronze-green upperparts and a deeply forked blue-black tail. Their faces and underparts are glittering green to golden green. Nominate females are shining green above and plain gray below with dusky cheeks and a short white line behind the eye. Their central tail feathers are dark blue-green and the rest dark green with dusky ends and narrow gray-white tips.<p>Subspecies C. g. chrysogaster is larger than the other two subspecies. The male is mostly malachite green; its tail is slightly bluer and more deeply forked than the others'. C. g. nitens is very like the nominate, but with a slight gold sheen and a less deeply forked tail.
分类信息
The red-billed emerald was originally described as a species and later treated as a subspecies of the blue-tailed emerald (Chlorostilbon mellisugus). Since the early 2000s, most taxonomist have again treated it as a species in its own right. It has also at times been considered conspecific with the western emerald (C. melanorhynchus).<p>As currently (2020) understood, the red-billed emerald has three subspecies: the nominate C. g. gibsoni, C. g. chrysogaster, and C. g. nitens.
- 学名
- Chlorostilbon gibsoni
- 命名信息
- (Fraser, 1840)
- 目
- Apodiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Chlorostilbon
分布与栖息地
The nominate subspecies of red-billed emerald is found in central Colombia's Magdalena River valley. C. g. chrysogaster is found in northern Colombia between Córdoba and Norte de Santander departments. C. g. nitens is found on Colombia's Guajira Peninsula and adjoining northwestern Venezuela. The species mostly inhabits dry to arid landscapes including desert scrublands, dry woodland, farmed areas, and parks and gardens. In Colombia it is mostly found at elevations below 500 m (1,600 ft) but does occur as high as 2,300 m (7,500 ft) in the upper Magdalena valley. In Venezuela it has been recorded up to 1,300 m (4,300 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
No movements of the red-billed emerald are definitely known, but at least in parts of northern Colombia it appears to make seasonal changes.<p>The red-billed emerald forages for nectar by trap-lining, visiting a circuit of flowering trees, shrubs, and other plants. It usually feeds close to the ground, though sometimes higher, and on small flowers that are less attractive to larger hummingbirds. It is assumed to also feed on small insects.<p>The red-billed emerald's breeding seasons are not well defined but appear to span March to August in Venezuela and include November in at least one part of Colombia. One nest was a downy cup with lichen on its outside attached to a fern frond.<p>The red-billed emerald's song is "a continuous series of wiry trilled notes, 'wirrr...wirrr...wirrr...'". It also makes "high-pitched penetrating 'tseeee' and a reedy 'tzreee'" calls.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- unknown
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Giant Kingbird
Tyrannus cubensis
A large flycatcher typically found singly or in pairs hunting from upper branches in wooded areas. It is grayish above and whitish below with a blackish crown and face, which resembles Eastern, Gray and Loggerhead Kingbirds, but none have the truly massive bill of the Giant Kingbird. Eastern Kingbird can also be separated by its bold white tail band, which is absent on Giant Kingbird. Gray Kingbird has a paler head with a dusky mask unlike Giant Kingbird. Loggerhead Kingbird has a gray tail band and its tail is typically squared off whereas the tail is usually notched in Giant. Calls include a squeaky “trrp-bee-bee-bip,” a shrill “trrree-bip,” and various peeps and chatters.
Serra Antwren
Formicivora serrana
Small, strikingly-plumaged antbird with a long tail and a very restricted range. Inhabits the understory of low stature or regenerating forests, forest edges, scrub, and abandoned plantations where it is very active and occasionally joins mixed-species flocks. Much plumage variation, with coastal males near Rio de Janeiro (formerly split as Restinga Antwren) being almost uniformly sooty-black with only slightly grayer back and spotted white wingbars. Two more northerly subspecies vary between rufous-brown and dark gray above, but both are black below with a bold white eyebrow and white wing spots. In all subspecies, females are pale whitish below and brown above with a bold white eyebrow. Male song is a monotonous series of harsh chip notes; female gives nasal squeaks.
Brown Babbler
Turdoides plebejus
A dull brownish babbler with brightly colored eyes. Found in moist woodland, dense savanna, scrub, gallery forest, forest edge, cultivated areas, and gardens, almost always in groups that forage actively on the ground. Similar in shape, size, and overall brown coloration to Arrow-marked Babbler, but there is only minor overlap in range, and Brown Babbler can be separated by the paler face and throat and the less pointed white markings on the underparts. Calls include a raspy babbling and a dry clucking, both usually by a whole group in chorus.
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