Rufous-capped Spinetail
Synallaxis ruficapilla
Medium-sized, long-tailed spinetail found in the understory of humid forests often accompanying mixed-species flocks. Note the yellowish eyebrow, contrasting with dark cheeks, a pale throat, and a richly rufous crown, wings, and tail. It is brownish on the back and buffy gray below. The song is very distinctive nasal series of “prrr” rattles followed by a squeaky “Dje,” such as “prrrDje-prrrDje.”
识别特征
The rufous-capped spinetail is 13 to 17 cm (5.1 to 6.7 in) long and weighs 12 to 16 g (0.42 to 0.56 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a wide buff supercilium and dark brownish gray lores and ear coverts. Their crown and nape are bright orange-rufous and their back, rump, and uppertail coverts are rufescent brown. Their wings are mostly chestnut-brown. Their tail is chestnut; it is graduated and the feathers have pointed tips. Their chin has a tiny tawny spot; the rest of their chin and throat are whitish with faint gray streaks. Their upper breast is grayish and the rest of their underparts paler buffy brownish. Their iris is reddish brown, their maxilla black, their mandible gray with a dark tip, and their legs and feet greenish gray. Juveniles have a duller crown than adults, with little or no chin spot and an ochraceous or brownish wash on the underparts.
分类信息
The rufous-capped spinetail is monotypic. <p>What is now Pinto's spinetail (S. infuscata) was previous treated as a subspecies of it. What is now the Bahia spinetail (S. cinerea, previously S. whitneyi) was treated as a conspecific population of the rufous-capped and data both support and refute that treatment. As of late 2023 major taxonomic systems treat the Bahia spinetail as a full species.
- 学名
- Synallaxis ruficapilla
- 命名信息
- Vieillot, 1819
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Synallaxis
分布与栖息地
The rufous-capped spinetail is found in Brazil from southern Goiás east to Espírito Santo and south into northern Rio Grande do Sul, in far eastern Paraguay, and in northern Argentina's Misiones and Corrientes provinces. It inhabits the undergrowth and edges of a variety of forest landscapes including montane and lowland evergreen forest both primary and secondary. It is strongly associated with stands of Chusquea bamboo. In elevation it ranges from near sea level to 1,400 m (4,600 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The rufous-capped spinetail is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The rufous-capped spinetail's diet and feeding behavior are not well known. It is assumed to feed mostly on arthropods. It primarily forages in pairs and often joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It usually forages in the forest understorey but will occasionally do so on the ground up into the mid-storey. It is thought to capture prey by gleaning from foliage and small branches.<p>The rufous-capped spinetail breeds during the austral spring and summer. It is thought to be monogamous. Its nest is a bulky mass of thorny sticks with a downward-slanting entrance tube, typically placed in dense vegetation between 1 and 2.5 m (3 and 8 ft) above the ground. The clutch size is two to three eggs. The incubation period, time to fledging, and details of parental care are not known.<p>The rufous-capped spinetail's song has variously been described as "a fast nasal 'di-di-di-réét' ", "tdrrrWit", and "a quiet, insistent 'drrrrrt wee' ". Its call is "a distinctive low-pitched trill, 'tshrrr' " also described as a "dry rattle, like 'trrrrruh' ".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Chestnut-bellied Starling
Lamprotornis pulcher
A chunky, short-tailed, colorful savanna starling. Adults have a mostly brown head, a dark green hood and upperparts, and a rufous belly. There is a pale buffy patch in the underwing that is conspicuous in flight. Immatures are duller, with completely pale, buffy underparts. Found in dry savanna and thorn scrub, usually in small flocks, sometimes with other species of starlings. The common call is a short descending trill with a vibrating quality.
Greater Prairie-Chicken
Tympanuchus cupido
Plump, chickenlike bird found in grasslands. Body and wings entirely barred brown with paler buffy throat. In spring, males gather at display site and dance to attract females: look for them hunched over with earlike feathers protruding from the head and yellowish-orange skin exposed on the neck. Inconspicuous and difficult to find away from display sites. Separate from Lesser Prairie-Chicken by range; averages slightly darker and larger than Lesser. Darker than Sharp-tailed Grouse with more heavily barred sides and belly; rounded tail.
Cloud Cisticola
Cisticola textrix
Tiny, short-tailed, streaky, brown cisticola. Has a longer tail in non-breeding plumage. Found in fynbos and grassland habitats. Inconspicuous for most of the year. Usually seen when doing a flight display over its breeding habitat. The song consists of an ascending series of high whistles, followed by lower “chek” notes, which sometimes continue as the bird dives to the ground. Very similar to other small, short-tailed cisticolas, especially in non-breeding plumage. Best distinguished by voice.
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