Maui Alauahio
Paroreomyza montana
A small Hawaiian honeycreeper of native forests above 5,000 feet elevation on eastern Maui. Occurs in non-native forest at Poli-Poli. Males are bright yellow and females and immatures are greenish gray with some yellow on the face. The bill is straighter than in amakihis. Forages rapidly on branches and twigs. Often seen in small flocks. The song is a varied warble and the call is a sharp “chick.” Sometimes responds to squeaking and pishing.
识别特征
The Maui ʻalauahio is similar to the Hawaiʻi ʻamakihi in appearance and behavior. However, Maui ʻalauahio are a brighter yellow color, have a less curved bill and do not have prominent black lores (area between the bill and the eye).<p>The Maui ʻalauahio call is a loud "cheep", and their song consists of a repeated whistled phrase "whichy-wheesee-whurdy-whew".<p>Maui ʻalauahio are insectivorous and forage along trunks and branches flipping over lichen and bark in search of insects. They eat moths, beetles, spiders, leafhoppers, lacewings, and ichneumonid wasps. They forage on native plants including ʻōhiʻa, koa, pilo, alani, ʻōhelo, kōlea, pūkiawe, and ʻōlapa.<p>The breeding season for Maui ʻalauahio is March - August. They are monogamous and often are assisted by the non-breeding second year offspring at the nest. The nest helpers assist the male with feeding the female during incubation, as well as feeding the chicks, usually by regurgitation. Maui ʻalauahio young may stay with parents for up to 20 months, and then breed in their third year. Interestingly, there are fewer Maui ʻalauahio pairs documented with nest helpers in disturbed habitats (20-30%) than native plant habitat (96%).<p>Currently, Maui ʻalauahio are restricted to three populations above 900 m (2,952 feet) elevation on east Maui. These populations occur in three diverse habitats that are in the range of conservation managed areas, including the rainforest belt of Halealakā National Park, a forestry plantation, and a relic dry forest. Maui ʻalauahio can be seen at Hosmer's Grove at Haleakalā National Park and Polipoli Springs State Recreation Area.
分类信息
- 学名
- Paroreomyza montana
- 命名信息
- (Wilson, SB, 1890)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Fringillidae
- 属
- Paroreomyza
分布与栖息地
- 迁徙
- Resident species
保护状况
Maui ʻalauahioʻs range is restricted and threatened by habitat loss. Many factors contribute towards its habitat loss, including degradation from feral ungulates, and the introduction of invasive plants, like strawberry guava, that impact habitat diversity and quality. The species is also limited to higher elevations due to itʻs high susceptibility to avian malaria with a 75% mortality rate after exposure to an infected mosquito bite.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Riparian Parrotlet
Forpus crassirostris
Tiny parrot with green body, short pointed tail, and pale bill. Males have blue wings and a green rump; females are all green. Highly gregarious. Found in light woodlands, forest edges, second growth, open habitats, and urban parks, but typically avoids dense forests. Found in western Amazonia, from Ecuador to central Brazil.
Undulated Antshrike
Frederickena unduliger
Magnificent dark antshrike of mature upland rainforest. Has a large head with a crest and strongly hooked bill. Males are slaty gray with fine black barring; females are tawny orange with fine black barring. Larger than most other antshrikes and antbirds in its range. Forages singly or in pairs in open understory, and seems to be somewhat rare throughout its range. Its song is a gradually rising series of low whistles given at a steady pace.
Paria Redstart
Myioborus pariae
Very active and striking warbler that flicks wings and flashes white spots in tail while foraging. Has bright yellow underparts, slate gray upperparts and head, dark red crown, white in tail, and yellow spectacles. Sexes similar. Not difficult to find within limited range; common in pairs at med-level and canopy of montane forest, often in shaded coffee plantations. Song is a loud melody of warbling and repetitive notes. Endemic to the Paria region of northeastern Venezuela.
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