Gray-throated Tit-Flycatcher

Chunky green pigeon with comical lime-green “goggles” and a thick white bill. Male has a dark maroon back and shoulders, which the female lacks. Both sexes have a silvery-gray forehead and crown. Female may be confused with female Pink-necked and Orange-breasted Green-Pigeons, but note her gray crown, green spectacles, and bright yellow-green wing feather linings. Inhabits a wide range of wooded areas, from the lowlands into the foothills. Often in pairs, but will also gather in large flocks at fruiting trees. Gives a long, quavering coo, as well as more even-sounding cooing and odd chuckling calls.

A small, green, long-tailed parakeet endemic to New Zealand. Note the distinct lemon-yellow crown and the thin orange band extending from the base of the beak to each red eye. Juveniles are a duller color and their orange band and crown may be absent. A critically endangered bird now restricted to three beech forest valleys in inland Canterbury and several offshore island sanctuaries. Usually very quiet and challenging to see. Listen for its loud, brief chatter call to give away its location. When pairs are together, softer contact calls can be heard. Forms small flocks in autumn and winter. Smaller size and lack of crimson frontal band and rump patches distinguish Malherbe’s from Yellow-crowned Parakeet. Juvenile Yellow-crowned Parakeet can confuse identification, and calls of the two species can be challenging to differentiate.

A distinctive long-tailed paradise-flycatcher with different-looking sexes. Male is glossy blue-black with a pale blue bill and blue eye-rings; female has a dark crown, a gray face, rusty upperparts, and pale underparts. Juvenile is like female; young male slowly turns black. A common resident throughout São Tomé in the understory and at middle levels of most habitats. The only other flycatcher within its range is the dull brown Spotted Flycatcher, a scarce migrant. Calls include a rapid electric clicking and buzzing “dzzrt-dzzrt-dzzrt.” The song is a musical repeated “swee dzee-tee che-ree.”