Spotted Wren
Campylorhynchus gularis
Fairly large, chunky, and often conspicuous wren of drier foothills and mountains; endemic. Mainly in areas with pine-oak and oak woodland and scrub; often around villages and ranches, clambering on stone walls and even entering houses. Usually in small social groups, which can be confiding. No similar-looking species occur in its range. Note the black whisker, band of black spots across the breast, and complex patterning on the back, wings, and tail.
识别特征
The spotted wren is 17 cm (6.7 in) long and weighs 28.3 to 31 g (1.00 to 1.09 oz). Adults of both sexes have a chestnut crown and rufescent brown shoulders and back with dull black and buffy markings. The tail is gray-brown with darker bars. They have a white supercilium and a brown eyestripe above buffy white cheeks. Their chin, throat, and chest are off-white and the sides of the chest have blackish spots. The belly and lower flanks are buffy with faint barring. The juvenile's crown is dull black, the markings on the back are fainter than the adults', and the chest is pale buff without the adults' spots.
分类信息
The spotted wren has sometimes been considered conspecific with Boucard's wren (Campylorhynchus jocosus) but molecular data show that they are not closely related. The species is monotypic.
- 学名
- Campylorhynchus gularis
- 命名信息
- Sclater, PL, 1861
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Troglodytidae
- 属
- Campylorhynchus
分布与栖息地
The spotted wren is found in two areas of Mexico separated by unsuitable habitat. In the west it ranges from southeastern Sonora south to western México state and western Morelos. East of that band it ranges from southern Nuevo León, southwestern Tamaulipas, and central San Luis Potosí south to Hidalgo. It occurs in several habitat types, from dry oak and pine-oak woodlands to stands of shrubs and cactus to rocky slopes with palms. In elevation it is generally found between 800 and 2,500 m (2,600 and 8,200 ft) but ranges up to 3,000 m (9,800 ft) in Colima.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The spotted wren actively forages in small groups, usually on or near the ground but as high as 15 m (49 ft). It probes bark crevices, epiphytes, and among rocks for invertebrates. It also eats vegetable matter like cactus seeds and has been seen to prey on small lizards.<p>The spotted wren's breeding phenology is virtually unknown. It builds a domed nest with side entrance like others of its genus. The clutch size appears to be two to four.<p>The spotted wren's song has been described as "a series of harsh churring notes" and "a series of unmusical gurgling phrases" [1] [2]. Its call is "a gruff 'cheh-cheh-cheht'" [3].
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Somali Courser
Cursorius somalensis
A plain, pale courser with black lines behind the eyes that make a “V” when seen from behind. In flight, the wings are partially black with a white trailing edge. Found in dry savanna, thornscrub, and desert. Usually in small groups, which tend to flee from disturbance on foot. Very similar to Cream-colored Courser, but browner and shorter-winged, with partially pale rather than completely black underwings in flight. Fairly similar to Temminck’s Courser, but paler overall, lacks chestnut in the crown, and has a paler underwing. Calls include a quiet “whit” and a louder “trow.”
Western Violet-backed Sunbird
Anthreptes longuemarei
Fairly small sunbird with an unusually short, warbler-like bill. The male has an iridescent violet head and back, while the female has brownish upperparts and a pale eyebrow. Found in a variety of lush woodland habitats, including miombo and Guinea savanna. Often in pairs, and sometimes joins mixed-species flocks. Vocalizations include high-pitched calls, scolds, and a quick jumbled song. Very similar to Eastern Violet-backed Sunbird, but in the area of overlap, separated by the male’s violet rather than turquoise rump, and by the female’s yellow-tinged rather than pure-white belly.
Indian Scops-Owl
Otus bakkamoena
Medium-sized scops-owl with prominent ear tufts and dark eyes. Coloration variable, ranging from gray to brown, but dark eyes, thin black border around the facial disc, and lightly streaked underparts remain constant. Gives bouncy amphibian-like barks at changing intervals. Inhabits forests, forest edges, parks, and gardens from lowlands up into foothill and montane regions.
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