Austral Pygmy-Owl
Glaucidium nana
Very small owl of southern South America; no other pygmy-owl in its range. Overall plumage tones vary from brown to rusty, rarely gray-brown. Often active in daytime. Fairly common but easily overlooked, although persistent tooting song and presence of mobbing small birds can draw attention. Found in forests, woodlands, parks, matorral with taller trees, and locally in more open country. Ranges low to high, from canopy of tallest trees to low in bamboo thickets; sometimes perches on roadside wires.
识别特征
The austral pygmy owl is 17 to 21 cm (6.7 to 8.3 in) long. Males weigh 56 to 75 g (2.0 to 2.6 oz) and females 70 to 100 g (2.5 to 3.5 oz). It has gray-brown and red morphs and intergrades between them. Adults of both morphs have a pale grayish brown face with dark flecks, whitish "brows" over pale yellow eyes, and black "false eyes" on the nape. The gray-brown morph's upperparts are dark grayish brown with whitish dots of variable size and shape. The tail is also dark grayish brown with narrow buffy bars. The throat is white, the sides of the upper breast dark grayish brown, and the underparts off-white with dark grayish brown streaks. The red morph has a similar pattern but reddish brown replaces the dark grayish brown.
分类信息
The austral pygmy owl has sometimes been treated as a subspecies of ferruginous pygmy owl (Glaucidium brasilianum) but DNA studies and other data support its being a species in its own right. It is monotypic.
- 学名
- Glaucidium nana
- 命名信息
- (King, PP, 1827)
- 目
- Strigiformes
- 科
- Strigidae
- 属
- Glaucidium
分布与栖息地
The austral pygmy owl is found from approximately Valparaíso Province in Chile and Neuquén Province in western Argentina south to the tip of Tierra del Fuego. In Chile it ranges in elevation from sea level to 2,000 m (6,600 ft). It inhabits a variety of landscapes from city parks and farmland with scattered trees to deciduous forests and thickets, evergreen shrublands, temperate and southern beech (Nothofagus) forests, and Patagonian scrub/steppe.
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
The austral pygmy owl is primarily diurnal but is also active at night. It is a solitary hunter that sallies from perches to capture insects, birds, mammals, and reptiles. It has been documented taking birds almost double its own weight.<p>The austral pygmy owl usually nests in a tree cavity but has also been documented using holes in earthen banks. They lay a clutch of three to five eggs between September and November, and the female alone incubates them.<p>The austral pygmy owl has five primary vocalizations. Pairs maintain contact with "a whistle with 6 to 7 notes/sec described as huj-huj-huj-huj-huj-huj". Their territorial call is "a sharp trill described as truie-truie-yi-yi". Nestlings make "soft metallic chirps trigigigirrr or trigigick". Both sexes make a courtship call, "a whistle...described as tiririi-tiririi, and an undefined call rendered as diud or diuh".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Amazonian Antshrike
Thamnophilus amazonicus
Medium-sized, sluggish bird of tall rainforest. Males mostly gray and black; females very different, with dull to bright cinnamon head and breast, which can aid identification since this species generally occurs in pairs. Often found along river edges and in areas with much vine growth in the mid-story. Hops slowly through vegetation, searching for insects; found alone or with mixed-species flocks. Told from other antshrikes by song and brightly colored female; males have more extensive white wing markings than most other antshrikes. Song is a rapid series of notes with a trogon-like quality.
Scaly-throated Leaftosser
Sclerurus guatemalensis
Retiring inhabitant of humid tropical lowlands. Found singly, hopping on the ground in shady rainforest and tossing leaves with its bill, in search of insects and other morsels. Most often detected when disturbed or flushed, when it gives a sharp, whistled “skweek” call. Note the long and rather slender straight bill. Plumage is dark brown overall with paler mottling (not really scaling) on the throat and breast.
Western Yellow Robin
Eopsaltria griseogularis
Very small songbird found in forests of southwestern Australia as well as the Eyrean Peninsula of South Australia. Gray above, bright yellow below, with gray upper breast and off-white throat. This species perches on low branches and on the side of tree trunks before flying down to the ground to capture prey. Yellow rump and pale stripe in wing obvious mostly in flight. Differs from Eastern Yellow Robin by its gray breast (also note range). Voice is a slow repetitive "chew-chew-chew" whistle; also gives a rough, chattering, scolding call.
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