Smith's Longspur
Calcarius pictus
Sparrowlike ground dweller; crouches low to the ground and walks with pattering footsteps. Breeding male is a unique deep yellow-orange with black-and-white head pattern. Females and nonbreeding birds are more subtle but typically buffier than other longspurs. Also look for long wingtips, thin white eyering, and blurry streaks below. Breeds on Arctic tundra. In winter, look for small flocks in fields with short grass and exposed soil. Not found in mixed flocks. Rattle call similar to Lapland Longspur.
识别特征
These birds have short cone-shaped bills, streaked backs, and dark tails with white outer rectrices. In breeding state plumage (mostly formed by worn basic plumage), the male has a pumpkin-orange throat, nape, and underparts contrasting with an intricate black-and-white face pattern. The white lesser coverts are quite pronounced on a male in spring and early summer. Females and immatures have lightly streaked buffy underparts, dark crowns, brown wings with less obvious white lesser coverts, and a light-colored face. The tail is identical at all ages.<p>Measurements:
分类信息
- 学名
- Calcarius pictus
- 命名信息
- (Swainson, 1832)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Calcariidae
- 属
- Calcarius
分布与栖息地
This bird breeds in open grassy areas near the tree line in northern Canada and Alaska. In winter, they congregate in open fields, including airports, in the south-central United States. Migration is elliptical, with northbound birds staging in Illinois in the spring and southbound birds flying over the Great Plains in the fall.
- 繁殖区
- NA : n Alaska and Canada; se Alaska and w Canada
- 非繁殖区
- sc USA
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
These birds nest in small colonies; males do not defend territory. The female lays three to five eggs in a grass cup nest on the ground. Both males and females may have more than one mate (polygynandry). The parents, one female and possibly more than one male, feed the young birds.<p>These birds forage on the ground, gathering in flocks outside of the nesting season. They mainly eat seeds, also eating insects in summer. Young birds are mainly fed insects.<p>The song is a sweet warble that is inflected at the end, somewhat reminiscent of the chestnut-sided warbler. The call is a dry rattle, like a shortened version of the call of a female brown-headed cowbird, noticeably drier than that of Lapland longspur.<p>Audubon named this bird after his friend Gideon B. Smith.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- unknown
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Ruby-throated Bulbul
Rubigula dispar
Eye-catching medium-sized bulbul, endemic to Java, Sumatra, and Bali, where it inhabits open wooded habitats. Combination of jet-black head, golden-yellow body, and blood-red throat make this species unmistakable. Small crest is often raised, giving the bird a comical triangular-headed appearance. Adults have bright red eyes, whereas juveniles have pale ones. Song is a rather quiet and mellow “wee-dih’deedee!” Unfortunately declining in many areas as a result of the cagebird trade, and is now fairly localized, despite its ability to live in scrubby and degraded areas.
South Island Robin
Petroica australis
A small charcoal-colored songbird endemic to New Zealand. Confined to the South and Stewart Islands. Favors native and exotic forest stands. Males have a more distinct separation between dark gray and cream on their chest than females. Juveniles mirror the look of a female but with less to no cream underneath. Can be incredibly confiding and curious about humans. It is possible to bring individuals out into the open by disturbing leaf litter and then sitting quietly. Actively flushes out prey with foot trembling and by flicking its wings and tail. Male song is a loud and simple phrase of notes including “pwee-pwee-pwee.”
Timor Leaf Warbler
Phylloscopus presbytes
A small green-and-yellow warbler from Timor and Flores. Bill largely black, with a pale spot at the base of the lower part; legs dark. Olive-green above with a broad yellow eyebrow and sometimes also a faint central crown stripe. Throat white, contrasting with yellow underparts. Sometimes shows an indistinct single wingbar. Juveniles browner with no crown stripe. Found in hill and montane forest and edges in Flores, extending to lowlands and scrub on Timor. Single birds, pairs, and groups can be found in the canopy. Differs from Arctic, Japanese, and Kamchatka Leaf Warblers in dark legs, yellower underside, central crown stripe (if present), and lack of a second wing bar. Sings a short, high warble: “swit-swee-swit-swee.”
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