Short-tailed Shearwater
Ardenna tenuirostris
Medium-sized, dark brown shearwater. Has narrow, crooked wings and flies with quick, snappy wingbeats. Variable underwing pattern, usually rather dark with a less distinct silvery flash than Sooty Shearwater, but difficult to judge depending on lighting. Common in the Pacific Ocean, especially around Australia and New Zealand and up to the Bering Sea. Unknown from South America. Can be abundant in ocean waters off Alaska, gathering in enormous flocks; less common further south. Extremely similar to Sooty Shearwater. Short-tailed is lighter and has more crooked wings; also look for slightly shorter bill and more rounded head.
分类信息
This shearwater appears to be related to the sooty and great shearwaters, which are also blunt-tailed, black-billed species, but its precise relationships are obscure (Austin, 1996; Austin et al., 2004). These are among the larger species of shearwater, which have been moved to a separate genus, Ardenna based on a phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA (Penhallurick & Wink, 2004).
- 学名
- Ardenna tenuirostris
- 命名信息
- (Temminck, 1836)
- 目
- Procellariiformes
- 科
- Procellariidae
- 属
- Ardenna
分布与栖息地
- 繁殖区
- PO : islets off s, se Australia, Bass Strait and Tasmania (se Australia)
- 非繁殖区
- to Antarctic ice edge waters then to Sea of Okhotsk, Bering Sea (North Pacific Ocean)
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
Each parent feeds the single chick for 2–3 days and then leaves for up to three weeks in search of food. These foraging trips can cover a distance of 1,500 km (930 mi) and mean the chick may be left unattended for over a week. When the chicks fledge they weigh around 900 g (2 lb), and may be heavier than their parents. In Tasmania, and especially on the muttonbird islands of the Furneaux Group, the chicks are harvested at this time for food and oil. The largest population in the world (2.8 million pairs - about 12% of the species) seems to be located on Babel Island. Adult birds foraging for food on the open ocean mistake plastic debris for food and then feed it to their chicks. This ingested plastic, as well as other factors, likely contribute to contamination of chicks.Thousands of Short-tailed shearwater fledglings are attracted to artificial lights during their maiden flights from nests to the open ocean. Fledglings are vulnerable to injury or death by collisions with human infrastructure and once grounded, to predation or becoming road casualties.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
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Brown Pelican
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Large and conspicuous, gray-brown bird of saltwater habitats. Strictly coastal; rarely seen on inland lakes. Very long bill with pouch for scooping up fish. Forages mainly by diving on fish from above. Frequently cues into fishing activity looking for handouts. Often flies in long lines close to water's surface.
Peruvian Pelican
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Huge brown pelican of the Humboldt Current; locally common along the coast and over inshore waters. Often seen perched on rocks, jetties, and scavenging at fishing harbors. Feeds by plunge diving from low heights, often with masses of other feeding birds such as cormorants, boobies, and terns. Distinctive in south of range, but in north occurs with appreciably smaller Brown Pelican, which lacks the big whitish upperwing panel of Peruvian, has a less colorful bill without a yellow base (on adults), and lacks the turquoise-blue pouch seen on Peruvian Pelican.
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