Ground Parrot
Pezoporus wallicus
Shy, predominantly ground-dwelling, long-tailed parrot of dense coastal heath. Primarily green, with yellow-green underparts and extensive black barring throughout. Extremely shy; usually only seen flying away when disturbed. Adult has tiny red band above bill and pale eye. Call is the most reliable way to locate this species, which tends to call mostly at dawn and dusk: a high whistle that ascends in pitch.
识别特征
The ground parrot is a medium-sized parrot, growing up to 30 cm long and weighing approximately 80 grams. It is distinctive, with grass green plumage, black streaking on the head and hindneck, prominent pale-yellow wing bars and black and yellow barring on the abdomen, thighs and under-tail coverts. The irises are pale yellow, the bill is dark grey and the feet and legs are flesh-pink. They have a distinguishing bright red band above the cere. Males and females appear alike.<p>Juveniles can be differentiated from adults in that they are slightly smaller, have duller yellow-olive plumage, absent red bands and thicker, bolder markings on the head and breast. When newly fledged, irises are dark grey-brown to brown in colour.<p>The eastern and Tasmanian subspecies (wallicus and leachi) differ from the western subspecies (flaviventris) in that they have thicker and more prominent black markings on the head, neck and belly.
分类信息
This species belongs to genus Pezoporus, which also includes the night parrot (P. occidentalis). The genus name comes from the Ancient Greek word pezoporos, meaning "walking, going on foot."<p>Pezoporus belongs to the tribe Pezoporini (ground parrots and allies) which includes Neophema and Neopsephotus. It is part of parrot subfamily Platycercinae and family Psittaculidae, the Old World Parrots.<p>There are currently three recognised subspecies of P. wallicus<p>The western ground parrot (P. w. flaviventris) was once considered a separate species from the nominate subspecies based on a mitochondrial DNA study conducted in 2010. However, due to minimal morphological differences between the two and the split being based only on a single mitochondrial gene, the two are now considered to be conspecific and are only recognised as separate subspecies.
- 学名
- Pezoporus wallicus
- 命名信息
- (Kerr, 1792)
- 目
- Psittaciformes
- 科
- Psittaculidae
- 属
- Pezoporus
分布与栖息地
This species is endemic to Australia. Each subspecies occurs within its own geographically separated distribution. <p>Subspecies wallicus, the eastern ground parrot, occurs in fragmented populations in coastal areas of south-eastern Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria. It is distributed as far north as near Fraser or K'gari Island, and as far south as Portland. It was formerly present in South Australia, but has since gone regionally extinct. The eastern ground parrot occurs mainly in dry or moist coastal heathland or sedgeland with a dense foliage cover and a high density of favoured food plants.<p>Subspecies flaviventris, the western ground parrot, only occurs in two disjunct populations in southern Western Australia, one in Fitzgerald River National Park, the other in Cape Arid National Park and Nuytsland Nature Reserve. It inhabits low, dry or swampy heathland near the coast, usually in areas that have been unburnt for long periods of time.<p>Subspecies leachi, the Tasmanian ground parrot, is endemic to Tasmania, which hosts the largest population of the species as a whole. The Tasmanian ground parrot population is suspected to consist of more than 100,000 birds.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
保护状况
Although the species is listed as "Least Concern" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species due to the species' large distribution and population size as a whole, subspecies P. w. flaviventris has been listed as "Critically Endangered" on the EPBC Act List of Threatened Fauna. It is estimated that there are fewer than 150 birds remaining in the wild, making it one of the rarest parrots in Australia. <p>Subspecies P. w. wallicus has been listed as "Vulnerable" on both the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 in New South Wales and the Nature Conservation (Animals) Regulation 2020 in Queensland. In South Australia, it has been listed as "Endangered" on the list of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972, despite being locally extinct. Its last confirmed sighting in South Australia was in Port MacDonnell in January 1945<p>The species is listed in "Appendix I" by CITES.
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Sumba Flowerpecker
Dicaeum wilhelminae
Small and stout forest-dweller that hops and buzzes about in the canopy like a large, active insect. Note male’s iridescent dark blue back, bright red chest, and black line extending down the white belly. As with many other flowerpeckers, the female is considerably duller, with a red rump patch being the only patch of bright color on her otherwise gray-brown plumage. Endemic to Sumba, where found in wooded habitats throughout the island. Gives a short, descending series of whistles, as well as piercing high-pitched notes.
Rough-legged Tyrannulet
Acrochordopus burmeisteri
Small flycatcher found in forest canopy. Confusingly similar to other tyrannulets, but note especially its stubby (not pointy) bill with a very pale base, which can be quite evident since you are often looking straight up at the bird. Voice is another good clue; it often gives sharp whistles, either alone or in a series. It also tends to be more sluggish, perches more vertically, and stays higher up in the trees than other similar tyrannulets. It has two separate populations, one in the Atlantic Forest region, and another along the east slope of the Andes in Argentina, Bolivia, and perhaps far southern Peru. Northward it is replaced by White-fronted Tyrannulet, which is now considered a separate species. The area of overlap is not well known. Rough-legged Tyrannulet is more uniformly colored, showing little or no gray in the crown.
Mentawai Scops-Owl
Otus mentawi
This small, dark cinnamon-brown owl is the only resident scops-owl in its limited range. Inhabits a wide range of wooded habitats, from pristine lowland rainforest to plantations and woodlots around human habitation. Gives a barking hoot with an abrupt ending, often in pairs or well-spaced series. Also gives quiet, low rattling croaks. Combination of dark eyes and uniformly dark brown plumage distinguish this species from any migrant or vagrant scops-owls on the Mentawai Islands.
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