Red-billed Woodcreeper
Hylexetastes perrotii
Large, stout-billed woodcreeper of tall rainforest in northeastern Amazonia. Plumage entirely rufous-brown with no barring or streaking; note thick reddish bill, white throat, and prominent white whisker mark (bill of young birds is dark brown). Found in tall rainforest as well as slightly lower-stature forests on sandy soils; generally less common than other large woodcreepers. Climbs along tree trunks and large branches at middle and upper levels, probing bark crevices for insects and small vertebrates; occasionally follows army ant swarms to capture animals fleeing up tree trunks. Heard more often than seen. Song, given mainly at dawn, is a far-carrying, hoarse whistle repeated 3–4 times, very unlike other woodcreepers. Amazonian Barred-Woodcreeper, which also has a reddish bill and suggestion of a pale whisker, may occur with Red-billed at ant swarms and be mistaken for it in dim understory light; note Red-billed’s stouter bill and plain face with obvious whisker streak.
识别特征
The red-billed woodcreeper is one of the largest members of its subfamily. It is heavy-bodied, with a shortish tail and a short and massive bill. It is 25 to 30 cm (9.8 to 12 in) long. Males weigh 112 to 137.5 g (4.0 to 4.9 oz) and females 110 to 145 g (3.9 to 5.1 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have smoky brown to olive-brown head, back, and wing coverts. Their rump, wings, and tail are bright rufous to rufous-chestnut, with dusky tips on the primaries. They have whitish lores and a white "moustache" that extends under the eye. Their throat is olive-brown with a paler center, their breast grayish brown, their belly buffy brown, and their undertail coverts brown with a rufescent cast. Their iris is brown, reddish brown, or red. Their bill is wine-red to brownish and their legs and feet green or olive with some brown and gray. Juveniles have weak streaks on their crown, are more heavily barred and rufescent below than adults, and have dark gray eyes and a dusky to blackish bill.
分类信息
The red-billed woodcreeper's taxonomy is unsettled. Some authors have suggested that it and the bar-bellied woodcreeper (H. stresemanni) are conspecific. The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) and the Clements taxonomy treat it as monotypic. BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) assigns it two subspecies in addition to the nominate subspecies. The IOC and Clements treat those two taxa as subspecies of the uniform woodcreeper (H. uniformis).<p>This article follows the monotypic species model.
- 学名
- Hylexetastes perrotii
- 命名信息
- (Lafresnaye, 1844)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Hylexetastes
分布与栖息地
The red-billed woodcreeper is found in the northeastern Amazon Basin from eastern Venezuela east through the Guianas and northern Brazil north of the Amazon River between the Rio Negro and Amapá state. It mostly inhabits humid terra firme forest. It also occurs in gallery forest, várzea, and forest on sandy soil, and in Suriname rarely in savanna. It favors the interior of primary forest but occasionally occurs at its edges and in mature secondary forest. It is found only at low elevations.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Migration pattern: Resident species.
保护状况
Population trend: declining.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Willard's Sooty Boubou
Laniarius willardi
Mid-sized bushshrike that is completely black with pale blue-gray eyes. Found in the undergrowth of humid forest at moderate elevations. A skilled skulker that is most often detected by voice. The most distinctive vocalization is a series of four bell-like whistles; also gives low scolding notes. Very similar to Albertine Boubou, but prefers lower-elevation forest and has a pale eye.
Peruvian Warbling-Antbird
Hypocnemis peruviana
Small streaked antbird. Black-and-white streaked head and underparts with a bold black eyeline and crown, brown wings and tail, and orange-red wash on the sides. Found in dense understory around forest edges and secondary growth; where it overlaps with Yellow-breasted Warbling-Antbird, largely restricted to the understory of mature rainforest, especially around tree fall gaps and along streams and ravines in upland areas. Compared to the similar Yellow-breasted Warbling-Antbird, usually has orange-red wash restricted to its sides (Yellow-breasted can be orangey but usually has extensive color on the throat and breast), and is found in mature forest habitats (not bamboo or riverside secondary growth). Song an accelerating, descending series of whistles that get rougher in tone, very similar to that of Yellow-breasted Warbling-Antbird.
Ochre-naped Ground-Tyrant
Muscisaxicola flavinucha
Fairly large terrestrial flycatcher, breeding in the southern Andes and migrating north in winter. Favors bogs, streamsides, and other wet areas in open rocky and stony terrain, but migrants can be grounded in lowland fields. Often in same areas as other ground-tyrant species, and identified by grayish plumage tones, whitish forehead patch, and contrasting ochre nape patch (can be hard to see, depending on angle).
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