Three-wattled Bellbird
Procnias tricarunculatus
Male is unmistakable. Body dark rufous, head and breast gleaming white, with three bare wattles hanging down off the bill. Usually perches conspicuously when singing; the far-carrying bell-like notes and strange metallic alien noises are fascinating additions to the forest cacophony. Female is completely different, overall dull olive with yellower streaking on underparts. The fairly large size, plump shape, small rounded head, and plain face help with identification. Found in forests, usually in the canopy. Easiest to find when singing, but also feeds at fruiting trees.
识别特征
One of four species of bellbird that live in Central and South America, the three-wattled bellbird is between 25 cm (9.8 in) and 30 cm (12 in) long. The body, tail, and wings of the male are uniformly chestnut-brown; its head, neck, and upper breast are white; and it has a black eye-ring, eye-stripe, and bill. Its name comes from the three worm-like wattles of skin that hang from the base of the bill. These wattles can be as long as 10 cm (3.9 in) when extended during songs and interactions. The wattles remain flaccid even when extended. The male shakes the wattles, but otherwise they hang straight down; they are neither erectile nor under muscular control. The side wattles do not stick out to the sides and the central one is not extended directly skywards as shown on some old illustrations and specimens. The purpose of the wattles is unclear. <p>The female bellbirds are smaller and less striking in appearance, being overall olive with yellowish streaking below, pure yellow vent and no wattles. The females blend into the surroundings of the forest, which helps them hide its nests from predators. The nests are very difficult to spot. As of January 2019, only six nests had been found in Monteverde, according to the council for the Bellbird Biological Corridor. <p>Juvenile males are often confused with females; they have the same coloring as females until they reach sexual maturity at age 7. As they age, the males slowly molt the green and brown feathers and begin to grow the striking white and copper coat. They do not begin to grow their wattles until they are 1 to 2 years old, and the wattles continue to grow for the entirety of the male bird's life.
分类信息
- 学名
- Procnias tricarunculatus
- 命名信息
- (Verreaux, J & Verreaux, É, 1853)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Cotingidae
- 属
- Procnias
分布与栖息地
Famous for having one of the most unusual and distinct vocalizations of any bird in its range, the three-wattled bellbird exists from western Honduras south to eastern Panama. Bellbirds breed primarily in Costa Rican highlands in the cloud forest (March–September) and return to lower elevations in the mangroves for the interim months.
- 迁徙
- Vertical migration
行为
The species is completely frugivorous; it swallows the fruits from trees in the Lauraceae family, of which the avocado is a member. The bellbird performs an important role in seed dispersal. It regurgitates the seeds it cannot digest and deposits them in gap areas beneath song perches, which nearly doubles seedling survival rate.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Bougainville Crow
Corvus meeki
A medium-sized entirely black crow with bluish gloss on the head and purple gloss on the upperparts. Bill very large with a strongly arched top edge. Tail relatively short and narrow. Found in rainforest up to 1600 meters of elevation, commonly along forest edge, sometimes in coconut plantations. Most common calls are high-pitched caw notes.
Eurasian Kestrel
Falco tinnunculus
Small falcon with distinctive male plumage: gray head, rusty back, gray tail with broad black tip. Female is brownish above, with barring on the back, wings, and tail. Note rather pointed wingtips (unlike rounded wings of Accipiter hawks), and distinct dark spotting on the breast. Inhabits open and lightly wooded country, farmlands, grasslands, and heathlands; often seen over grassy areas beside roads and at airports. Perches on wires and posts, and typically hunts by hovering, at times fairly high overhead. Very similar to Lesser Kestrel.
Flame-breasted Fruit-Dove
Ptilinopus marchei
A fairly large dove of foothill and low-elevation montane forest canopy. Pale gray from the belly to the sides of the chest and neck, with a sooty back and cheek, an orange chest patch with dark red below, and a pink crown and mark across the flight feathers. Similar to the Yellow-breasted Fruit-Dove, but Flame-breasted has an orange rather than yellow chest and a dark pink crown. Song is a deep, rising-then-falling “oo-woo.” Takes flight with loud wing claps.
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