Song Sparrow
Melospiza melodia
One of the most common and widespread sparrows in North America. Fairly large with a long, rounded tail. Overall coarsely patterned with gray and brown, usually with more reddish-brown wings and tail. Look especially for thick brown streaks on the underparts and a broad dark mustache stripe. Significant variation in plumage geographically: relatively pale and rusty in the southwestern U.S.; blacker streaking in California; overall dusky in the Pacific Northwest. Larger, longer-tailed and usually more rusty than Savannah Sparrow. Found in a variety of scrubby habitats both near and far from human development, especially edges of fields, often near water. Listen for husky "chimp" calls and melodic song with chips and trills.
识别特征
Adult song sparrows have brown upperparts with dark streaks on the back and are white underneath with dark streaking and a dark brown spot in the middle of the breast. They have a brown cap and a long brown rounded tail. Their face is gray with a brown streak through each eye. They are highly variable in size across numerous subspecies (for subspecies details, see below). The body length ranges from 11 to 18 cm (4.3 to 7.1 in) and wingspan can range from 18 to 25.4 cm (7.1 to 10.0 in). Body mass ranges from 11.9 to 53 g (0.42 to 1.87 oz). The average of all races is 32 g (1.1 oz) but the widespread nominate subspecies (M. m. melodia) weighs only about 22 g (0.78 oz) on average. The maximum lifespan in the wild is 11.3 years. The eggs of the song sparrow are brown with greenish-white spots. Females lay three to five eggs per clutch, with an average incubation time of 13–15 days before hatching.<p>In the field, they are most easily confused with the Lincoln's sparrow and the Savannah sparrow. The former can be recognized by its shorter, grayer tail and the differently-patterned head, the brown cheeks forming a clear-cut angular patch. The Savannah sparrow has a forked tail and yellowish flecks on the face when seen up close.
分类信息
Genus: Melospiza; Family: Passerellidae; Order: Passeriformes.
- 学名
- Melospiza melodia
- 命名信息
- (Wilson, A, 1810)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Passerellidae
- 属
- Melospiza
分布与栖息地
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
Migration pattern: Complete migrants.
保护状况
Population trend: declining.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Black-rumped Magpie
Pica bottanensis
The black-and-white magpie of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. Best identified by range, but overlaps in the far eastern and southern parts of its range with Oriental Magpie; look for Black-rumped’s reduced gloss in plumage and stouter bill. Gives various chattering notes which average hoarser than those of Oriental Magpie. Found in farmland and other semi-open areas, as well as parks and towns.
Blue-tailed Emerald
Chlorostilbon mellisugus
Common small green hummingbird of humid lowlands. Males rich iridescent green, with a bluish sheen to the face and breast, and deep blue tail. In poor lighting, appears uniformly dark green. Female has gray underparts, and blackish cheeks bordered above by a whitish stripe. Bill black in both sexes. Found in a variety of rainforest habitats, but most common around forest edges, including in agricultural areas.
Dull-capped Attila
Attila bolivianus
Big-headed flycatcher of humid rainforest midstory. Rich red-brown with a slightly grayer head and pale eye. Perches with upright posture and appears rather stocky, with a short tail, large head, and heavy bill. Pale eye and fairly dark plumage help distinguish it from other attilas, as does voice. Listen for a rising series of whistles, usually finished with a lower note: “weer, weer, weer, weer, woo”; sounds melancholy, without the upbeat, double-syllable note phrasing of Bright-rumped Attila.
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