Antillean Crested Hummingbird
Orthorhyncus cristatus
A perky, inquisitive inhabitant of woodlands, scrub, parks, and gardens. Note the mohawklike crest (except on young males), the rather short bill, and dark gray (adult males) to dingy (immatures and females) underparts. The female Puerto Rican Emerald lacks a crest, is often whiter below, and has a blackish face. The female Blue-headed Hummingbird also lacks a crest plus it has a longer bill and a longer tail that is blue. Calls include a high thin “pit” or “tsit” as well as various high-pitched twitterings.
识别特征
As the name implies, Antillean crested hummingbird is one of the few hummingbirds with a crest. It demonstrates the general sexual dimorphism for hummingbirds where the male is bright and colorful whilst the female is more tannish and dull. Males have a short straight black bill; head with green crest, tipped metallic green to bright blue-green, upperparts dull metallic bronze-green; underparts sooty black; tail black, rounded. The female bill is similar to male’s but its head is without a crest; the forehead, crown and upperparts are metallic bronzy-green; underparts light grey; tail blackish, rounded, four outer rectrices broadly tipped whitish grey.<p>The subspecies can be distinguished by the colour of their crests: exilis is wholly green or slightly tinged blue on tip; ornatus has the terminal portion abruptly blue; cristatus is golden to emerald, violet terminally; emigrans is similar to the nominate but more bluish violet, throat paler grey; the degree of paleness in underparts of female varies with race.<p>Calls include short "tsip" or "tzip" notes and a longer series of “tslee-tslee-tslee-tslee”.
分类信息
In 1743 the English naturalist George Edwards included an illustration and a description of the Antillean crested hummingbird in his A Natural History of Uncommon Birds. He used the English name "The crested humming bird". Edwards based his hand-coloured etching on a specimen collected in the West Indies. When in 1758 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the tenth edition, he placed the Antillean crested hummingbird with the other hummingbirds in the genus Trochilus. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the binomial name Trochilus cristatus and cited Edwards' work. The Antillean crested hummingbird is now the only species placed in the genus Orthorhyncus that was introduced in 1799 by Bernard Germain de Lacépède. The type locality is restricted to the island of Barbados. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek orthos meaning "straight" and "rhunkhos" meaning "bill". The specific epithet cristatus is Latin meaning "crested" or "plumed".<p>Four subspecies are recognised:
- 学名
- Orthorhyncus cristatus
- 命名信息
- (Linnaeus, 1758)
- 目
- Apodiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Orthorhyncus
分布与栖息地
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, semiarid forest and heavily degraded former forest such as open vegetation, parks, plantations, forest borders from sea-level to high mountains. Commonest below 500 m. It lives a sedentary lifestyle, with possible dispersal to higher altitudes in Jul/Aug. Subspecies exilis is rare straggler to the United States.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Migration pattern: Resident species.
保护状况
Not globally threatened (Least Concern). CITES II. Restricted-range species: present in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands EBA and Lesser Antilles EBA. Common resident. Particularly common at sea-level, with densities of at least 6–10 pairs/km2 on St Lucia, at least 4 to 8 pairs/km2 on Guadeloupe, and at least 3 to 5 pairs/km2 on Dominica. Widespread throughout Lesser Antilles, occurring at all altitudes and in all habitat types; ready occupation of man-made habitats suggests that habitat loss is unlikely to be a problem.
- 种群趋势
- unknown
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Long-billed Cuckoo
Chalcites megarhynchus
A little-known cuckoo from lowland rainforest. Slender with long, thin bill that droops at tip. Males have dark cap, and red eye and eye-ring. Females have grey head and dark bill. Perches upright and motionless in sub-canopy. Voice a whistled, 2-note call with short first note, followed by loud descending note, “pu piiuuu!”. Similar to Tawny-breasted Honeyeater, but Long-billed Cuckoo is much less active with barring on the undertail. From Dwarf Koel by lack of white face mark and longer, thinner bill
White-browed Robin-Chat
Cossypha heuglini
A large robin-chat with striking fiery orange underparts and collar, and a dark mask and crown split by broad white eyebrows. The back and wings are olive-gray. Pairs prefer forest thickets in well developed woodland, where they forage on the ground and sing from mid-canopy. Basic variations of the bold duetted “puu-deet, puu-deet, puu-deet” song get louder and louder in a characteristic crescendo, often incorporating varied jumbled notes and imitations of other species. The similar Rüppell's Robin-Chat is smaller than White-browed Robin-Chat, has black (not brown) central tail feathers, and prefers montane forest. The lowland forest-loving Blue-shouldered Robin-Chat is smaller yet, and has a diagnostic iridescent bluish forewing.
Black Tern
Chlidonias niger
Small tern with an entirely black body in breeding plumage with silvery wings. In the winter, their body is whitish-gray and they are not as conspicuous, but note small size, rather dark gray wings and rump, and black "helmet." Breeds in colonies in freshwater marshes and ponds. Builds a floating nest of plant matter. In migration and winter, often found in flocks. Feeds on insects and small fish.
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