White-throated Honeyeater
Melithreptus albogularis
Small honeyeater with black cap. Underparts white, upperparts light olive. Has white throat with white band behind the eye. Very similar in appearance to Black-chinned and White-naped Honeyeaters but can easily be distinguished by presence of white skin around the eye. Juveniles are more brownish and have yellow bills. Typically found in pairs or small groups. Inhabits a variety of forest types; tends to favor areas near creeks or rivers.
识别特征
The adult white-throated honeyeater is 11.5 to 14.5 cm (4.5 to 5.7 in) long, with olive-green or yellow-green upperparts, yellower on the rump, and white throat and underparts, a black head, a blue-white patch of bare skin over the eye, and a white stripe across the nape. The bill is black, the eyes red-brown, and the legs purple-brown. Various calls have been recorded.<p>Western Australian Gilbert's honeyeaters (Melithreptus chloropsis) also have a white eye-patch, and so can be difficult to distinguish, but there is no range overlap. Eastern white-naped honeyeaters (M. lunatus) have a red eye-patch.
分类信息
John Gould described the white-throated honeyeater in 1848. Its species name comes from the Latin words albus 'white', and gula 'throat'."<p>English naturalist Charles Walter De Vis described Melithreptus vinitinctus from a specimen collected by K. Broadbent in the Kimberley in 1884. This was later synonymized with M. albogularis.<p>Traditionally, two subspecies have been recognised: subspecies albogularis from northwestern Australia, the Northern Territory and Cape York, and subspecies inopinatus from central and southeastern Queensland. However, genetic work published in 2010 surprisingly found that the Carpentarian Barrier (south of the Gulf of Carpentaria) fostered a split between lineages east and west of it in the Pliocene, between 2.4 and 5.2 million years ago, and that a more recent split took place between 1 and 2.8 million years ago in northeastern Queensland. It is this more recent split that corresponds with the ranges of the two subspecies.<p>The white-throated honeyeater is a member of the genus Melithreptus, with several species of similar size and (apart from the brown-headed honeyeater) black-headed appearance, in the honeyeater family Meliphagidae. Within the genus, it is classified in the subgenus Melithreptus, along with the white-naped, black-headed and Gilbert's honeyeater; these all forage for insects in foliage or canopy, rather than on bark or branches, congregate in larger flocks, and are found in more open, dry sclerophyll forests and savannah. They also have smaller feet and a less prominent or missing nuchal bar.<p>Subspecies inopinatus differs from subspecies albogularis by its larger size and duller olive back. Allen Keast noted that the forms followed Gloger's and Bergmann's rules.<p>Common names used for this species include white-chinned honeyeater, and (from the late 19th and early 20th century), the gay or gay-tinted honeyeater.
- 学名
- Melithreptus albogularis
- 命名信息
- Gould, 1848
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Meliphagidae
- 属
- Melithreptus
分布与栖息地
- 迁徙
- Resident species
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Black Stork
Ciconia nigra
Adult distinctive: glossy black overall with white belly, very long pointed red bill and reddish legs. Juvenile similar, but duller overall. Breeds in swampy coniferous and mixed forests, where rather shy; builds a bulky stick nest high in trees. In mountainous regions also nests on cliffs. Wintering and migrating birds can be found in grasslands, agricultural fields, and on the margins of lakes and rivers. Flies with neck and legs outstretched, and strong, deep wingbeats interspersed with glides; also soars on thermals.
White-crowned Forktail
Enicurus leschenaulti
A typical forktail, with piebald plumage and long tail. Like most other forktails, it inhabits shaded whitewater streams, along which it perches on boulders and low-hanging branches. Unmarked black back distinguishes it from Slaty-backed and Spotted forktails. Can be confused with Black-backed Forktail, but unlike that species, white does not extend behind the eye. Often detected by its vocalizations, a harsh buzzing whistle and high metallic whistles.
Gray-headed Kingfisher
Halcyon leucocephala
A medium-sized kingfisher with a distinctive chestnut belly, sapphire blue tail and flight feathers, ashy-gray head and breast, and vermillion bill. Pairs inhabit dry and moist woodland, especially riverine woodland; has been known to breed in riverbanks. It has complex movements and is a migrant in the southern part of its range. Calls a strident trilling “t-t-t-t-t-t-t”, although this can be weaker and less obtrusive than other kingfishers; also calls a repeated, squeaky “tsury, tsury”.
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