White-lored Gnatcatcher
Polioptila albiloris
Tiny gray and white bird with cocked tail. Common in tropical dry forest and scrub of Pacific lowlands. Male has a black cap, solid in breeding season, but with narrow white eyebrow in non-breeding season. Female has gray cap with narrow white eyebrow year-round. Told from Blue-gray Gnatcatcher by face pattern: Blue-gray has a white eyering, not a white brow.
识别特征
The white-lored gnatcatcher is 11 to 12 cm (4.3 to 4.7 in) long and weighs 6 to 9 g (0.21 to 0.32 oz). The nominate male in breeding plumage has a black cap down to the eyes and including the nape. The rest of the upperparts are bluish gray. The tail is black with white outermost feathers. The throat is white becoming pale bluish gray on the breast and flanks. The female has a dark gray cap and the eponymous white lores and supercilium. The juvenile is similar to the female but has browner upperparts. The male P. a. vanrossemi has a larger black cap and longer wings and tail than the nominate.
分类信息
The white-lored gnatcatcher was previously considered conspecific with the black-capped gnatcatcher (Polioptila nigriceps). The Yucatan gnatcatcher (P. albiventris) was previously a treated as a subspecies of the white-lored. The white-lored gnatcatcher has two subspecies, the nominate Polioptila albiloris albiloris and P. a. vanrossemi.
- 学名
- Polioptila albiloris
- 命名信息
- Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1860
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Polioptilidae
- 属
- Polioptila
分布与栖息地
The nominate white-lored gnatcatcher is found from central Guatemala south through Honduras, El Salvador, and Nicaragua into northwestern Costa Rica. P. a. vanrossemi is found in Mexico from the southern parts of the states of Michoacán, México, and Puebla south to most of Chiapas. It inhabits arid to semi-arid biomes including scrublands, thorn forest, deciduous woodland, and secondary forest. It shuns the interior of tall woodlands. It is mostly found below 1,000 m (3,300 ft) of elevation.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The white-lored gnatcatcher's diet is a variety of adult insects, caterpillars, and spiders. It forages mostly by gleaning but will make sallies to catch flying insects.<p>The white-lored gnatcatcher breeds between March and August. Both sexes build the nest, a deep cup of grass and roots held together with spider silk and lined with fine grass, hair, and other soft materials. The clutch size is four. Bronzed (Molothrus aeneus) and brown-headed cowbirds (M. ater) parasitize the nest.<p>The white-lored gnatcatcher has two songs, a "simple" [1] and a "complex" [2]. It also has a variety of calls, for which see Xeno-canto below.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Bare-faced Ibis
Phimosus infuscatus
Rather small ibis, widespread in South America but with an unusual distribution: found on either side of the Amazon basin. Dull blackish with iridescent green and blue in the wings; most obvious feature is the bare pinkish face and bill. Legs pink. Found in flocks, sometimes numbering in the hundreds. Forages in open pastures, fields, and wetlands.
Orange Weaver
Ploceus aurantius
A medium-sized weaver with a long, relatively slim bill. Male is mostly bright yellow with an orange throat and black lores. The female is much duller, greenish-yellow with a white belly. The eye color of both sexes can be whitish or red, and the bill can be mostly pinkish or black. A colonial nester that is found around wetlands, including lakes, rivers, and swamps. Similar to Holub’s Golden-Weaver, but smaller and slimmer-billed. Female can be confused with several other female and non-breeding male weavers, but is usually found in association with the more distinctive males. Vocalizations are typical of weavers: “chet” notes and a sizzling “radio static” song.
Brown-hooded Parrot
Pyrilia haematotis
Medium-sized, rather chunky parrot of humid tropical lowlands. Found in rainforest and edge, where easily overlooked in the canopy, feeding quietly on fruits. Most often seen in fast direct flight, low over the canopy in pairs or small groups. In flight, armpits show brilliant red, but often birds are flying too fast to see this. On perched birds, note the brown head (small red ear patch is rarely visible), pale spectacles, and very pale bill.
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