Helmeted Curassow
Pauxi pauxi
Large and unmistakable black curassow with a blue-gray helmet on forehead, red bill and legs, white belly, and white tipped tail. Males and most females similar, but some females are of a brown and barred morph. Generally rare in mature montane forest from low to medium elevations. Often in pairs or small groups walking on the forest floor, foraging on fruits and seeds; when alarmed flies to the upper level of the forest, sometimes calling in alarm and other times staying quiet. Vocal during the breeding season; song is a deep, low pitched series of “uhm…UUUUHm…uuuhm;” alarm call is a deep and dry sneezing sound. No similar species in range.
识别特征
It is a large terrestrial black curassow with a small head, large bluish grey casque on forehead, red bill, white-tipped tail feathers, greenish glossed mantle and breast feathers, and white below. Both sexes are similar. Length in adult birds can vary from 80 to 100 cm (31 to 39 in). The male, at 3.6 kg (8 lbs), is larger than the female, at 2.6 kg (5.8 lbs). Among standard measurements, the wing chord is 36.3 to 42.7 cm (14.3 to 16.8 in), the tail is 30.4 to 36.2 cm (12.0 to 14.3 in) and the tarsus is 8.9 to 11.2 cm (3.5 to 4.4 in). Some rare rufous morph female has a black barred and reddish brown plumage. For some time, it also contained the horned curassow taxa as subspecies. Nowadays its southern congener is considered a distinct species P. unicornis.
分类信息
There are two subspecies:<p>Their evolutionary history is not well researched compared to other curassows. The helmeted curassows probably are a lineage of Late Miocene (Tortonian–Messinian, about 8–7 million years ago) origin. This species' present-day distribution suggests that it became isolated some 6 million years ago as its mountain range uplifted. It is not known when gene flow between the subspecies ceased.
- 学名
- Pauxi pauxi
- 命名信息
- (Linnaeus, 1766)
- 目
- Galliformes
- 科
- Cracidae
- 属
- Pauxi
分布与栖息地
One of the largest birds in its habitat, the helmeted curassow is distributed in the eastern Andes of Venezuela and Colombia. In a recent study done in Tamá National Natural Park of Colombia, it suggested that the park contains a significant population of helmeted curassow with a population density of 4.8 individuals per square kilometer. Furthermore, it was noted that most of the observed helmeted curassow occupied the lower strata, forest floor and subcanopy, of the forest, where they are vulnerable to poachers during the dry season. The diet consists mainly of seeds, fruits, insects and small animals. The female lays two cream-colored eggs and incubates them for about 30 days.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Plume-toed Swiftlet
Collocalia affinis
The iridescent blue back is the best way to distinguish this species from other swiftlets within its range, but this feature is typically only visible when the bird is flying low (often over water) or on the nest. Relatively well-demarcated white belly and dark rump also serve to distinguish this species from Aerodramus swiftlets. Common and well-adapted to human habitation, nesting socially in both caves and manmade structures. Flies in flocks over forests, fields, and water bodies. Gives sharp grating twitters at the nest, but generally quiet.
Bare-cheeked Trogon
Apaloderma aequatoriale
A trogon of lowland rainforests, almost always found in the forest interior, away from forest edges. Males and females have distinctive bare yellow facial skin below their eyes and between their eyes and bill. Both sexes have green backs and uppertails, red chests and vents, and finely barred wings. The species often calls motionless in the subcanopy, giving a series of 6-10 sad, descending coo notes, repeating these series 2-3 times per minute. Similar to the larger Narina Trogon, but Bare-cheeked Trogon is told apart by its song, its closed-canopy forest habitat, and the purely green tones on its head, back, and uppertail.
Green Woodhoopoe
Phoeniculus purpureus
An elongated, metallic-green-black bird with red feet and a long, decurved, red-orange bill. Juveniles have dark bills but are often in the company of adults. It flies heavily, with the long floppy, white-tipped tail dangling behind. Pairs and groups of up to 14 birds are highly social, occupying savanna, woodland, riverine forest, and gardens, where they nest and roost in natural cavities. Clambers in trees, probing bark and crevices for insects and small vertebrates. They communicate using a strong cackling chatter that sounds maniacal. The almost identical Grant’s and Violet woodhoopoes (with which it sometimes hybridizes) differ from Green Woodhoopoe only by having a coppery-purple (not glossy greenish) metallic sheen.
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