Lunulated Antbird
Oneillornis lunulatus
Scarce antbird of lowland rainforest understory in eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru. Both sexes have white throat and eyebrow. Male is otherwise all gray, and female is brown with tan scaling on upperparts and buff spots in the tail. Male is similar to White-throated Antbird, but lacks white barring in tail; also note range and voice. Typically found alone or in pairs, often around swarms of marauding army ants. Song is a fast, decelerating series of emphatic notes.
识别特征
The lunulated antbird is 13 to 14.5 cm (5.1 to 5.7 in) long and weighs 22 to 26 g (0.78 to 0.92 oz). Adult males are mostly gray. They have a white supercilium, ear coverts, chin, and throat. Their tail is blackish gray. Adult females have a white supercilium, dark olive-brown lores, and a white chin and throat. Their crown and nape are yellowish olive-brown; their back and rump are yellowish olive-brown with blackish edges and light buff tips on the feathers. Their tail is dark grayish brown with some white barring. Their underparts are olive-brown that is paler and yellower in the center of the breast. Juvenile males resemble adult females but without the white supercilium and only patchy white on the throat.
分类信息
The lunulated antbird was described and illustrated by the English ornithologists Philip Sclater and Osbert Salvin in 1873 and given the binomial name Pithys lunulatus. The species was subsequently included in the genus Gymnopithys. It was moved to a newly erected genus Oneillornis based on the results of a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014. It shares the genus with the white-throated antbird (O. salvini) with which it has been treated as conspecific. The lunulated antbird is monotypic.
- 学名
- Oneillornis lunulatus
- 命名信息
- (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1873)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Rhinocryptidae
- 属
- Oneillornis
分布与栖息地
The lunulated antbird is found in eastern Ecuador from Sucumbíos Province to Morona-Santiago Province and in northern and central Peru west of the Rio Napo and Rio Ucayali. It primarily inhabits humid várzea evergreen forest and the transitional forest between it and terra firme. It almost entirely remains in the forest undergrowth. In elevation it occurs below 300 m (1,000 ft) in Ecuador but reaches 950 m (3,100 ft) locally in Peru.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The lunulated antbird is not known to migrate.<p>The lunulated antbird is an obligate ant follower that feeds on a variety of arthropods that flee foraging army ant swarms, such as those of Eciton burchelli and genus Labidus. It typically forages individually, in pairs, and in family groups, perching within about 1 m (3 ft) of the ground though as high as 3 m (10 ft), and sallying or pouncing to the ground after prey. It is dominant over smaller antbirds but subordinate to larger species of other families such as woodcreepers.<p>The lunulated antbird's breeding season in Peru is thought to span from October to April; its season in Ecuador is not known. The clutch size is believed to be two eggs. Nothing else is known about the species' breeding biology.<p>The lunulated antbird's song is "a distinct introductory note followed by a fairly rapid, decelerating, rising-falling series of popping notes becoming rising mellow whistles" PEW pipi'pi'pwee-pwee-pwee-peeerr". Its calls include a "long and usually interrupted 'chirr' and [an] abrupt 'chup' ".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Streak-headed Honeyeater
Pycnopygius stictocephalus
A medium-sized honeyeater of lowland and foothill forest edge and gardens. Upperparts dark brown and lower parts gray-brown. Dark head has thin white streaking on the crown and a distinctive white stripe on the face. Thought to mimic the appearance of the New Guinea Friarbird, but Streak-headed Honeyeater is much smaller. Also similar to the juvenile Brown Oriole, but Streak-headed Honeyeater lacks the streaking on the throated and chest. Varied vocalizations including series of repeated notes or strong, whistled, short phrases.
Sumba Hornbill
Rhyticeros everetti
A small black hornbill with an ivory-colored bill that has a reddish smudge at the base and a knob on top. There is a pale blue pouch of skin below the bill. Males have a rich chestnut neck that becomes a darker burnt red around the face and top of the head. Females have black necks and heads. Juveniles resemble male, with a smaller bill. Confined to Sumba, where it is the only hornbill. Inhabits lowland and foothill forest and forest edge, where it frequents the treetops singly or in groups. Calls include a fast-paced, emphatic “kokokokokokok…”.
Biak Paradise-Kingfisher
Tanysiptera riedelii
A fairly common, long-tailed kingfisher of primary and degraded forest on Biak Island where it is the only paradise-kingfisher. White underparts, rump and long tail with large spatules, thick red bill, dark blue upperparts and pale blue flecked head, shoulder patch and narrow part of the tail. It sits still in the midstorey where it pumps its tail up and down. Calls, a slightly arhythmic series of soft “piu” notes, or a rising and accelerating series of sharper “puuu puu pipipipipipi! often given in duet.
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