White-throated Rail

Small songbird with bright yellowish upperparts and white “goggles.” Most subspecies have gray underparts; subspecies “unicus” of Sumbawa and Flores has a yellow belly. Compare with other white-eyes in various parts of their range; note present species combination of dark iris and yellow back. Inhabits a wide range of different wooded habitats across its range, including coastal scrub, mangroves, inland forests, and forest edge. Forages actively in small to medium-sized flocks, sometimes mixing with other species. Can be quite common on small islands. Twittering song is bright but unremarkable. Most frequently given call is a somewhat variable high-pitched, descending “djee.”

Small hummingbird found in dry, scrubby regions of the Andes; also in coastal deserts in Peru. Male has a glittering blue throat bordered below by purple. Female lacks this and has a rusty wash on white underparts; the extent of this rusty color varies between individuals. Also note slightly curved bill. Male performs swooping U-shaped display flights, alternately giving high-pitched twitters and low-pitched mechanical sounds while doing so. Not known to visit feeders.

Thickset, dark-gray-brown laughingthrush with a bright-candy-red bill, broad blue moustache patches, and a sickly-looking bare yellow crown. Endemic to the highlands of north-central Borneo. Found in primary submontane and montane forests. Forages in small groups or with mixed flocks, clambering and hopping about in vines and tangles of vegetation in middle levels of forest. Unlike Sunda and Chestnut-hooded laughingthrushes, Bare-headed does not readily approach people. Song is an owl-like series of hollow hoots, interspersed with upswept yelps when duetting.