White-crowned Tapaculo
Scytalopus atratus
A standard Scytalopus tapaculo: plain blackish (darker than many other tapaculos) with browner flanks and rump. Distinctive white crown can be difficult to see. Acts like a mouse, scurrying around on or near the ground within montane forest. Very difficult to see. Occurs in the Andes from Venezuela to Peru, from around 900-1,800m. Far more often heard than seen. Listen for its rapid series of froglike notes.
识别特征
The white-crowned tapaculo is 12 cm (4.7 in) long. Males weigh 24.6 to 32.5 g (0.87 to 1.15 oz) and one female weighed 25.3 g (0.89 oz). The male of the nominate subspecies is mostly blackish above and slightly lighter below. The flanks and vent are reddish brown and have black bars. It has a white patch on the crown of the head. The female is paler than the male and washed with brown above and is more reddish on the flanks. The juvenile is rust colored with heavy barring. The male S. a. nigricans is darker than the nominate and the female is gray underneath. The male S. a. confusus is paler than the nominate (slaty black) with a brownish lower back. The reddish brown on the flanks and vent, however, covers more area and has heavier barring.
分类信息
The white-crowned tapaculo was formerly considered a subspecies of rufous-vented tapaculo (Scytalopus femoralis) but was separated based principally on differences in their vocalizations. <p>Three subspecies of northern white-crowned tapaculo are recognized, the nominate Scytalopus atratus atratus, S. a. nigricans, and S. a. confusus. However, the vocalizations of birds of the eastern Andes (S. a. atratus in part) differ from those in the west, "suggesting that [they] are a separate species".
- 学名
- Scytalopus atratus
- 命名信息
- Hellmayr, 1922
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Rhinocryptidae
- 属
- Scytalopus
分布与栖息地
The white-crowned tapaculo is found from western Venezuela to central Peru. Subspecies S. a. nigricans is found only in Venezuela, in Sierra de Perijá and the southern slope of the Andes in Táchira and Mérida states. S. a. confusus is found in the central and western Andes of Colombia. S. a. atratus is the most widespread. As it is currently defined, it ranges from the eastern Andes of Colombia and Ecuador to the central Andes of Peru as far south as the Department of Cuzco.<p>The white-crowned tapaculo inhabits the undergrowth in the interior and edges of humid montane forest. It ranges in elevation from 850 to 1,900 m (2,790 to 6,230 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The white-crowned tapaculo forages on and near the ground for insects.<p>Almost nothing is known about the white-crowned tapaculo's breeding phenology. A juvenile was collected in January and an adult with enlarged gonads in November, both in Ecuador. The species is known to be territorial year round.<p>The songs of different populations of white-crowned tapaculos are highly variable. Some examples include this from near Bogotá, Colombia [1], this from near La Florida, Department of Amazonas, Peru [2], and this from Mérida, Venezuela [3].
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
White-rumped Cuckooshrike
Coracina leucopygia
A chunky bird with a thick bill, a gray body, a black face, a beady eye, and a white belly and rump that contrast with a black tail. Paler juvenile shows barring on underside. Small groups frequent canopy in open wooded areas, mangroves, and swamp forest. Found only in a restricted range on Sulawesi and satellite islands. Differs from female Pied Cuckooshrike in having a pale eye, and also occupies more open habitats. Frequently gives an excited jangling call, “zrrrirup,” that rapidly ascends and then descends; also gives other chattering and rasping notes.
Brown Sicklebill
Epimachus meyeri
A large, long-tailed bird of montane forest with a long, curved bill. Male has black upperparts with some iridescence, brown underparts and very long tail. Female is brown above with rufous crown, barred belly and black face. Male does an astonishing display, where two articulated fans are lifted above the head and the whole body is swayed up and down. Similar to Black Sicklebill, but Brown is usually found at higher elevations and has a pale blue eye. Male has brown and female a barred chest. Voice, sounds scarily like short bursts of a machine gunfire.
Mountain Chickadee
Poecile gambeli
White stripe above the eye separates it from other chickadees. Otherwise, much like other chickadees: grayish overall with a big head, tiny bill, and black cap and throat. Tends to be in high-elevation mountainous areas with dry, coniferous forests. Active and acrobatic. Often in flocks with nuthatches and kinglets. Visits feeders.
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