White-crowned Tapaculo
Scytalopus atratus
A standard Scytalopus tapaculo: plain blackish (darker than many other tapaculos) with browner flanks and rump. Distinctive white crown can be difficult to see. Acts like a mouse, scurrying around on or near the ground within montane forest. Very difficult to see. Occurs in the Andes from Venezuela to Peru, from around 900-1,800m. Far more often heard than seen. Listen for its rapid series of froglike notes.
识别特征
The white-crowned tapaculo is 12 cm (4.7 in) long. Males weigh 24.6 to 32.5 g (0.87 to 1.15 oz) and one female weighed 25.3 g (0.89 oz). The male of the nominate subspecies is mostly blackish above and slightly lighter below. The flanks and vent are reddish brown and have black bars. It has a white patch on the crown of the head. The female is paler than the male and washed with brown above and is more reddish on the flanks. The juvenile is rust colored with heavy barring. The male S. a. nigricans is darker than the nominate and the female is gray underneath. The male S. a. confusus is paler than the nominate (slaty black) with a brownish lower back. The reddish brown on the flanks and vent, however, covers more area and has heavier barring.
分类信息
The white-crowned tapaculo was formerly considered a subspecies of rufous-vented tapaculo (Scytalopus femoralis) but was separated based principally on differences in their vocalizations. <p>Three subspecies of northern white-crowned tapaculo are recognized, the nominate Scytalopus atratus atratus, S. a. nigricans, and S. a. confusus. However, the vocalizations of birds of the eastern Andes (S. a. atratus in part) differ from those in the west, "suggesting that [they] are a separate species".
- 学名
- Scytalopus atratus
- 命名信息
- Hellmayr, 1922
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Rhinocryptidae
- 属
- Scytalopus
分布与栖息地
The white-crowned tapaculo is found from western Venezuela to central Peru. Subspecies S. a. nigricans is found only in Venezuela, in Sierra de Perijá and the southern slope of the Andes in Táchira and Mérida states. S. a. confusus is found in the central and western Andes of Colombia. S. a. atratus is the most widespread. As it is currently defined, it ranges from the eastern Andes of Colombia and Ecuador to the central Andes of Peru as far south as the Department of Cuzco.<p>The white-crowned tapaculo inhabits the undergrowth in the interior and edges of humid montane forest. It ranges in elevation from 850 to 1,900 m (2,790 to 6,230 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The white-crowned tapaculo forages on and near the ground for insects.<p>Almost nothing is known about the white-crowned tapaculo's breeding phenology. A juvenile was collected in January and an adult with enlarged gonads in November, both in Ecuador. The species is known to be territorial year round.<p>The songs of different populations of white-crowned tapaculos are highly variable. Some examples include this from near Bogotá, Colombia [1], this from near La Florida, Department of Amazonas, Peru [2], and this from Mérida, Venezuela [3].
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Band-tailed Nighthawk
Nyctiprogne leucopyga
Distinctive, locally common nighthawk of lowland rivers. Appears small and dark; in dim light, best distinguished from other nighthawks by swallowlike profile and longish tail. Also note the white band across tail and lack of white in wings. Usually found near water in forest and savanna regions, occasionally in large groups; does not tend to fly high. Dark plumage recalls Blackish Nightjar, but shape and behavior are very different.
Roll's Partridge
Arborophila rolli
Restricted to montane and foothill broadleaf forests between 500 and 2000 meters in the Batak Highlands of northern Sumatra. Forages in dense vegetation on the forest floor, often pairs, but also singly and in small groups. More easily heard than seen; listen for its song, a rapid and seemingly endless series of steadily rising hooting whistles. Pairs often duet. If seen, note the bright white cheek patch, black head, and black-and-brown-striped body; also note the bright red patch of bare skin around the eye, and curved black-and-white streaks running down the sides. Vocalizations and appearance similar to Sumatran Partridge, but separated by range and present species’ warm brown breast and more extensive white on the face.
Partridge Pigeon
Geophaps smithii
Medium-sized pigeon, usually seen on the ground in open woodland or along roadsides in northwestern Northern Territory and the northern Kimberley in Western Australia. Plain brown plumage, with white stripe along the edge of the breast. Distinctive facial markings, with comical red (Northern Territory) or yellow (Western Australia) facial skin. Takes flight with a loud clatter of wings. Compare Squatter Pigeon, Flock Bronzewing (with black-and-white facial markings), and both Chestnut-quilled and White-quilled Rock-Pigeons (with pale wing panels).
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