Black-cheeked Gnateater
Conopophaga melanops
Small, compact bird with long legs and a short tail. Inhabits the dense understory of humid forests and second growth where it can be very difficult to see. Males are olive-brown above and gray below, with a rufous crown, a black face, and a white throat. Females lack the black face and have buffy-brown body with a white throat and eyebrow resembling Rufous Gnateater, but female Black-cheeked Gnateaters have an all dark bill (not bicolored as in Rufous Gnateater).
识别特征
Measuring 11.5 cm (4.5 in), the black-cheeked gnateater is a small round bird with a short tail. It exhibits sexual dimorphism, as the male has distinctive coloured plumage and the female is a more overall brown in color. The male has a black face and cheeks with a contrasting orange crown and white throat. The upperparts are brownish and the underparts pale grey, the belly feathers more white and the flanks tending to buff. The female is more brown above with a white eyebrow and buff patch on the wings. It resembles the rufous gnateater.
分类信息
French naturalist Louis Pierre Vieillot described the black-cheeked gnateater in 1818, giving it the species name melanops from the Ancient Greek words melas "black" and ops "face". The black-cheeked gnateater has three subspecies:
- 学名
- Conopophaga melanops
- 命名信息
- (Vieillot, 1818)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Conopophagidae
- 属
- Conopophaga
分布与栖息地
The black-cheeked gnateater is found in eastern Brazil, from Paraíba to Santa Catarina. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, where it is a bird of the understory and forest floor. Its range along the eastern coastal areas of Brazil has been fragmented by destruction of habitat. Despite the showy plumage, this and other gnateaters are furtive and not often seen.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The black-cheeked gnateater is monogamous and territorial, the average size for a territory measured at 2.94 hectares. Breeding takes place over three months and the platform-like nest is constructed on branches or a palm leaf near the ground. A clutch of two eggs is laid.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Green-backed Gerygone
Gerygone chloronota
Small plain bird with thin bill. Upperparts greenish brown, underparts mostly off-white, with gray crown, sharply contrasting white throat. Inhabits variety of tropical habitats, usually near water. Forages unobtrusively in mid-canopy. Calls sound more urgent than those of other gerygones.
Streaked Tit-Spinetail
Leptasthenura striata
Fairly common on western slopes of the Andes and in interior valleys, favoring drier habitats with weedy brush on rocky slopes, and also agricultural areas with hedges and thickets. Often in pairs, foraging low in weedy brush, where can be hard to see well; agile and often active, clinging upside down at tips of branches. Identified by boldly streaked crown and back, weakly patterned or mostly plain underparts, and very long spiky-tipped tail. Compare with the bulkier Andean Tit-Spinetail (local overlap in Peru).
Varzea Schiffornis
Schiffornis major
Fairly small, orange-brown bird of forest midstory. Darker brown wings, and a variable amount of gray in the head. Found in tall forest in seasonally flooded and riverine areas, and forages singly or in pairs, not usually joining mixed-species flocks. Similar to some attilas, but has a shorter tail and a shorter, stubbier bill. Listen for its distinctive high whistled song, “tuw-tuwee . . . tee, tuweep!”
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